Identifying novel tick attractants and repellents by exploiting their olfactory and eco-physiology

通过利用嗅觉和生态生理学来识别新型蜱虫引诱剂和驱虫剂

• 批准号: 10418801
• 负责人: Zainulabeuddin Syed
• 金额: $ 18.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-07 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10418801
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Arthropods; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Biological; Biology; Black-legged Tick; Blood; Canis familiaris; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Chemicals; Chemistry; Climate; Code; Complex; Coupled; Custom; Deer; Detection; Development; Disease; Disease Vectors; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Environment; Evaluation; Exposure to; Gas Chromatography; Goals; Habitats; Hair; Housing; Human; Incidence; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Letters; Life; Ligands; Link; Lyme Disease; Mass Fragmentography; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measurement; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Nose; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Outcome; Partner in relationship; Pheromone; Physiological; Physiological Adaptation; Physiology; Population; Population Explosions; Prevalence; Prevention; Property; Publishing; Recommendation; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Resources; Sampling; Site; Smell Perception; Strategic Planning; Switzerland; Tail; Techniques; Testing; Tick-Borne Diseases; Ticks; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Volatile Oils; White-Footed Mouse; Work; arm; base; behavior test; behavioral response; burden of illness; climate change; design; exposed human population; feeding; field study; improved; innovation; instrument; novel; prevent; screening; success; tick bite; tick population; tick transmission; tick-borne pathogen; tool; vector; vector control; vector management strategies; vector tick

PROJECT SUMMARY Black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis, have doubled their distribution range within the past 2 decades. Not surprisingly, Lyme disease incidence has tripled since the 1990s according to the recent NIH tickborne diseases strategic planning committee’s report. These vector/disease expansions have been attributed to climate change, neighborhoods encroaching the animal habitats, and other ecologic shifts. Multi-pronged strategies, especially those that are based on understanding the ticks’ unique olfactory system and eco-physiological adaptations will provide effective practices that can be embedded into the existing vector control strategies. Ticks display robust olfactory driven behaviors despite endowed with a simple olfactory machinery made of ca. 20 olfactory sensilla (housing ca. 80-90 olfactory receptor neurons, ORNs). How can such relatively simple olfactory system accomplish the remarkable task of detecting and discriminating between the preferred hosts and mates, or, to avoid the unfavorable ones? We will answer this question by determining the detection properties of each of the sensilla challenging with odors of demonstrated behavioral response. We propose to use the single sensillum recording (SSR) method to record the odor induced activity from individual ORNs, The SSR will be further coupled with gas-chromatography (GC-SSR) to directly isolate biologically active constituents odorant from the complex odors mixtures. These constituents will be chemically identified using mass spectrometry, and finally verified by injecting them back into GC-SSR. Electrophysiologically active chemicals will be tested for the behavioral response in a 4-arm olfactometer- either individually or in blends. In arthropods, a distinct yet limited range of volatiles from the environment are parsimoniously used in various contexts, eliciting distinct behaviors such as attraction to host and mates, and repulsion/avoidance from unsuitable sites. Odors, such as pheromones, are effective means to sample and control vector arthropods including ticks, yet identifying an effective and selective bait has been elusive so far. Therefore we believe that our proposed integrated platform will lead to the discovery of novel natural attractants and repellents. This project will extend the fundamental understanding of the ticks’ olfactory biology, and integrating this knowledge with the eco-physiological determinants such as saturation deficit will lead to design of novel management strategies.

项目摘要 在过去的20年中，黑腿的tick虫，ixodes capapularis，其分销范围翻了一番。不是 令人惊讶的是，根据最近的NIH tick虫疾病，莱姆病的事件自1990年代以来已经增加了两倍 战略规划委员会的报告。这些媒介/疾病的扩展归因于气候变化， 社区侵占动物栖息地和其他生态转变。尤其是多管齐的策略 那些基于理解壁虱独特的嗅觉系统和生态生理学适应的人将 提供可以嵌入现有矢量控制策略的有效实践。 tick显示出色 嗅觉驱动的行为赋予了由CA制成的简单嗅觉机制。 20嗅觉感觉 （容纳约80-90嗅觉受体神经元，ORNS）。如此简单的嗅觉系统如何 完成检测和区分首选的主人和伴侣的杰出任务，或 避免不利的？我们将通过确定每个的检测属性来回答这个问题 Sensilla充满了表现为行为反应的气味。我们建议使用单个感官 记录（SSR）方法以记录来自单个ORN的气味诱导活性，SSR将进一步 与气体色谱（GC-SSR）结合，直接分离出生物活性成分的气质。 复杂的气味混合物。这些成分将使用质谱法化学鉴定，最后 通过将它们注入GC-SSR来验证。电生理活性化学物质将进行测试 在4臂得科仪中的行为响应单独或混合物中的行为响应。在节肢动物中，一个独特但有限的 来自环境的挥发物范围在各种情况下均匀地使用，引起了不同的行为 例如吸引对宿主和伴侣的吸引力，以及不合适的站点的排斥/回避。气味，例如 信息素是采样和控制矢量节肢动物在内的有效手段 到目前为止，有效和选择性的诱饵一直难以捉摸。因此，我们相信我们提议的集成平台 将导致发现新颖的自然景点和重复。该项目将扩展基本 了解tick的嗅觉生物学，并将这些知识与生态生理学相结合 诸如饱和赤字之类的决定因素将导致新型管理策略的设计。