Elucidating mechanisms underlying fluctuations of sustained attention and their influence on memory

阐明持续注意力波动的机制及其对记忆的影响

• 批准号: 10413923
• 负责人: Eva Gjorgieva
• 金额: $ 4.46万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2023-05-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10413923
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Attention; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Caliber; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Coupling; Data; Disease; Dorsal; Face; Failure; Free Association; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Image; Impairment; Individual; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Memory; Methodology; Mind; Monitor; Movement; Music; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Play; Population; Process; Pupil; Radar; Reaction Time; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Series; Thinking; Time; Tonic Pupil; Training; Variant; Visual Cortex; Work; base; cognitive function; cognitive process; cost; directed attention; distraction; executive function; forgetting; indexing; information processing; innovation; insight; instrument; lectures; markov model; natural flow; negative affect; neuromechanism; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; sustained attention; visual tracking

Abstract Sustained attention (SA), the ability to maintain focus on a task over prolonged periods of time, is a fundamental cognitive process that directly impacts other cognitive functions, such as learning from a lecture or from reading. Fluctuations of SA are commonly observed, but their causes seem to be heterogenous, and the ways in which they influence ongoing information processing and subsequent memory are not well understood. Some researchers have proposed that SA fluctuations result from a growing tendency with increasing task duration towards mind-wandering (attention drifting towards internal thoughts or distractors), due to failure of executive control processes. Similarly, failures of executive control also tend to allow the capture of attention by external distractors. The main goal of this proposal is to investigate how the direction of attention (external vs. internal) and the level of control interact to determine fluctuations of SA, and how they affect current learning. In Aim 1, the applicant will investigate two types of attention lapses (externally distracted and mind-wandering) that can occur during SA, including the rates at which they occur over time and how they each influence subsequent memory. The applicant will implement a novel paradigm in which task-relevant object images are presented on top of much larger distracting face images, and thought probes are used to assess the individuals’ attention state as either on-task, externally distracted, or mind-wandering, while pupillary responses are recorded. The main hypothesis is that rates of external distraction and mind-wandering will increase over time as the maintenance of executive control diminishes. In addition, the applicant will investigate the distinct influence of each individual attention-lapse state on subsequent memory. This study will be the first to relate internal vs external lapses of attention during SA to memory performance using pupillometry measures. In Aims 2a and 2b, fMRI methodology, along with in-scanner pupillometry recordings, will be used to examine the neural underpinnings of external distraction vs mind-wandering during SA and to uncover the distinct neural mechanisms by which these attention states influence memory. This Aim will include novel application of attention-state classifier analyses of the fMRI data and how these states relate to the behavior and pupillometry measures, as well as innovative dynamic functional connectivity approaches to investigate the interplay within and between networks that gives rise to SA fluctuations and their effects on memory. This study will offer insights into the roles of the dorsal attention network, the default-mode network, and the fronto-parietal control network in SA, as well as the mnemonic costs of external distraction vs mind-wandering, to gain a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms through which SA impacts memory. This project will substantially increase our understanding of the different ways in which SA can be disrupted and the unique influences that lapses in SA have on subsequent memory. Thus, the results of these studies may in turn lead to improvement in identifying SA deficits in both the normal population and in various clinical disorders, and suggest possible approaches as to how they may be addressed.

抽象的 持续关注（SA），可以长时间保持专注于任务的能力，是一个 直接影响其他认知功能的基本认知过程，例如从讲座或 从阅读。通常观察到SA的波动，但它们的原因似乎是异质的，并且 他们影响正在进行的信息处理和随后的内存的方式尚不清楚。 一些研究人员提出，SA的波动是由于任务不断增长的趋势而引起的 由于失败的失败 执行控制过程。同样，执行控制的失败也倾向于允许通过 外部干扰物。该提案的主要目标是研究关注方向（外部VS。 内部）和控制水平相互作用以确定SA的波动，以及它们如何影响当前的学习。在 AIM 1，适用的将调查两种类型的关注失误（外部分散注意力和思维方式） 可以在SA期间发生，包括随着时间的推移发生的比率以及它们随后如何影响 记忆。申请人将实施一个新颖的范式，其中与任务相关的对象图像显示在上面 更大的分散注意力的面部图像和思想问题用于评估个人的注意力状态 作为按任务，外部分散注意力或挥舞着思维方式，而瞳孔的回答被记录在上面。主 假设是，随着维护的时间，外部分心和思维的速度会随着时间的推移而增加 执行控制减少。此外，适用将研究每个人的明显影响 随后记忆的注意力消失状态。这项研究将是第一个关联内部与外部失误的研究 使用化学测量值在SA期间注意记忆性能。在AIMS 2A和2B中，fMRI方法论， 与扫描仪的化学记录一起，将用于检查外部的神经基础 分散注意力与SA期间的思维舞，并揭示这些关注的独特神经机制 状态会影响记忆。此目标将包括fMRI的注意状态分类器分析的新颖应用 数据以及这些状态如何与行为和化学测量指标以及创新的动态有关 功能连通性方法研究网络内部和网络之间的相互作用，从而引起SA 波动及其对记忆的影响。这项研究将洞悉背部注意力的角色 网络，默认模式网络和SA中的额叶控制网络以及助记符成本 外部分心与流浪者，以更深入地了解神经机制 SA会影响记忆。该项目将大大提高我们对不同方式的理解 哪些SA可以被禁用，并且SA中失效的独特影响对随后的内存具有。那， 这些研究的结果反过 以及各种临床疾病，并提出有关如何解决的可能方法。