Elucidating mechanisms underlying fluctuations of sustained attention and their influence on memory

阐明持续注意力波动的机制及其对记忆的影响

• 批准号: 10413923
• 负责人: Eva Gjorgieva
• 金额: $ 4.46万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2023-05-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10413923
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Attention; Attentional deficit; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Caliber; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Coupling; Data; Disease; Dorsal; Face; Failure; Free Association; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Image; Impairment; Individual; Lateral; Lead; Learning; Link; Maintenance; Measures; Memory; Methodology; Mind; Monitor; Movement; Music; Parietal; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Play; Population; Process; Pupil; Radar; Reaction Time; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Series; Thinking; Time; Tonic Pupil; Training; Variant; Visual Cortex; Work; base; cognitive function; cognitive process; cost; directed attention; distraction; executive function; forgetting; indexing; information processing; innovation; insight; instrument; lectures; markov model; natural flow; negative affect; neuromechanism; novel; operation; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; sustained attention; visual tracking

Abstract Sustained attention (SA), the ability to maintain focus on a task over prolonged periods of time, is a fundamental cognitive process that directly impacts other cognitive functions, such as learning from a lecture or from reading. Fluctuations of SA are commonly observed, but their causes seem to be heterogenous, and the ways in which they influence ongoing information processing and subsequent memory are not well understood. Some researchers have proposed that SA fluctuations result from a growing tendency with increasing task duration towards mind-wandering (attention drifting towards internal thoughts or distractors), due to failure of executive control processes. Similarly, failures of executive control also tend to allow the capture of attention by external distractors. The main goal of this proposal is to investigate how the direction of attention (external vs. internal) and the level of control interact to determine fluctuations of SA, and how they affect current learning. In Aim 1, the applicant will investigate two types of attention lapses (externally distracted and mind-wandering) that can occur during SA, including the rates at which they occur over time and how they each influence subsequent memory. The applicant will implement a novel paradigm in which task-relevant object images are presented on top of much larger distracting face images, and thought probes are used to assess the individuals’ attention state as either on-task, externally distracted, or mind-wandering, while pupillary responses are recorded. The main hypothesis is that rates of external distraction and mind-wandering will increase over time as the maintenance of executive control diminishes. In addition, the applicant will investigate the distinct influence of each individual attention-lapse state on subsequent memory. This study will be the first to relate internal vs external lapses of attention during SA to memory performance using pupillometry measures. In Aims 2a and 2b, fMRI methodology, along with in-scanner pupillometry recordings, will be used to examine the neural underpinnings of external distraction vs mind-wandering during SA and to uncover the distinct neural mechanisms by which these attention states influence memory. This Aim will include novel application of attention-state classifier analyses of the fMRI data and how these states relate to the behavior and pupillometry measures, as well as innovative dynamic functional connectivity approaches to investigate the interplay within and between networks that gives rise to SA fluctuations and their effects on memory. This study will offer insights into the roles of the dorsal attention network, the default-mode network, and the fronto-parietal control network in SA, as well as the mnemonic costs of external distraction vs mind-wandering, to gain a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms through which SA impacts memory. This project will substantially increase our understanding of the different ways in which SA can be disrupted and the unique influences that lapses in SA have on subsequent memory. Thus, the results of these studies may in turn lead to improvement in identifying SA deficits in both the normal population and in various clinical disorders, and suggest possible approaches as to how they may be addressed.

抽象的 持续关注（SA），可以长时间保持专注于任务的能力，是一个 基本的认知过程直接影响其他认知功能，例如从讲座或 从阅读。 他们影响正在进行的进化处理和随后的记忆的方式尚未很好地理解。 一些研究人员证明，SA的波动是由于越来越多的任务趋势而引起的 由于失败的失败 同样，执行控制过程。 外部干扰因素。 内部）和控制水平相互作用以确定SA的波动，以及它们如何影响当前的学习 AIM 1，申请人将调查两种类型的参与失误 可以在SA期间发生，使随着时间的时间发生的发生率以及它们如何影响随后发生 记忆。 更大的分散注意力的脸部图像的顶部和思想探针用于评估个人的陈述状态 作为按任务，外部分散注意力或挥舞着思维的人，而瞳孔反应被记录。 假设是，随着维护的时间，外部分心和思维的速度会随着时间的推移而增加 除行政控制是否减少。 随后的记忆中的注意力消失状态。 在AIMS 2A和2B中使用互化度测量值，请注意SA期间的记忆性能。 与扫描仪的公划分记录一起，将用于检查外部的基础 分散注意力与SA期间的思维流浪者，并揭示这些授权的独特神经机制 状态影响记忆。 数据以及状态如何与行为和瞳孔计量指标以及创新的动态相关联 功能连接性方法来调查引起SA的解释和BETWORKS 波动和对记忆的影响。 网络，默认模式网络和SA中的额叶控制网络以及助记符成本 外部分心与流浪者，以更深入地了解神经机制 SA会影响记忆。 SA可以破坏，而SA的独特影响对随后的记忆具有 研究的结果可能会导致识别两个正常种群中的SA缺陷的改善 以及各种临床疾病，并提出有关添加方式的可能方法。