Distinguishing Youth with Conduct Disorder with Callous-Unemotional Traits using Cardiovascular Psychophysiology During Virtual Reality Fear Induction: Testing for Sex Differences

在虚拟现实恐惧诱导过程中使用心血管心理生理学区分行为障碍和冷酷无情特征的青少年：性别差异测试

• 批准号: 10405630
• 负责人: Nicholas David Thomson
• 金额: $ 49.3万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-15 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405630
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Appearance; Arousal; Attention; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; CD6 antigen; Cardiovascular system; Child; Chronic; Clinical; Conduct Disorder; Data; Development; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Electromyography; Emotional; Emotions; Empathy; Etiology; Face; Feeling; Fright; Gender; Goals; Guilt; Heterogeneity; Immersion; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Legal; Life; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Negative Valence; Occupational; Outcomes Research; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personality; Physiological; Positive Valence; Prevention; Psychophysiology; Punishment; Reporting; Research; Sex Differences; Sinus Arrhythmia; Societies; Subgroup; Symptoms; Technology; Temperament; Testing; Time; Treatment Effectiveness; Treatment Efficacy; Violence; Youth; antisocial behavior; base; boys; callous unemotional trait; criminal behavior; emotion dysregulation; experience; externalizing behavior; family burden; girls; high risk population; improved; indexing; information processing; innovation; physical conditioning; respiratory; screening; sex; social; theories; treatment strategy; virtual reality

ABSTRACT: Conduct disorder (CD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders impacting our youth. Unfortunately, the effects of CD are not limited to these early years. Youth with CD are more likely to develop lifelong mental and physical health problems, which is why CD is responsible for 5.75 million years of healthy life lost. There is mixed evidence supporting the effectiveness of treatment for CD, and this may be because youth with CD have differing etiological mechanisms. Research has shown that there is heterogeneity among youth with CD, with a subgroup of CD youth displaying more severe behavioral and personality symptoms, called callous-unemotional (CU) traits. CU traits is a specifier for CD that designates a high-risk group of youth who engage in chronic violence and criminal behavior, placing a significant burden on families and society. The key distinction is that these youth show distinct personality symptoms that current CD interventions are not equipped to treat, such as callousness towards others, lack of empathy and guilt for their harmful behaviors, and shallow/diminished affect. Understanding the mechanisms behind CU traits is essential for equipping interventions with the knowledge needed to employ a targeted approach for treating CU traits. Longstanding theories suggest that fearlessness is a key mechanism in the development of CU traits. However, biological evidence supporting the association between CU traits and fearlessness is deficient, and the current state of this examination has been restricted because of ecological validity. We will examine the association between fear and CU traits in youth (13-17 years) with CD by measuring sympathetic (pre-ejection period) and parasympathetic nervous system reactivity (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) during immersion in cutting edge virtual reality (VR) fear induction. We will concurrently apply facial electromyography to assess levels of positive and negative valence. We will also determine sex differences in these associations, as well as provide evidence of how biological fear profiles contribute to the stability of CU traits over 12 months during the adolescent period. The potential benefits of the proposal are high. Based on our pilot data, we will test our hypothesis that youth with CU traits will display a unique biological profile to fear that cannot be explained by fearlessness, and these associations are sex-specific. Confirming this finding in youth with CD may lead to reshaping prior developmental theories of CU traits that could lead to improved screening and more favorable gender-responsive treatment strategies for our youth.

抽象的： 品行障碍 (CD) 是影响青少年的最普遍、最使人衰弱的精神疾病之一。 不幸的是，CD 的影响并不仅限于这些早年。患有 CD 的青少年更有可能发展 终生的精神和身体健康问题，这就是为什么CD负责575万年的健康 失去了生命。支持 CD 治疗有效性的证据不一，这可能是因为 患有克罗恩病的青少年有不同的病因机制。研究表明，人与人之间存在异质性 患有 CD 的青少年，其中有一个 CD 青少年亚群表现出更严重的行为和人格症状，称为 冷酷无情（CU）特征。 CU 特征是 CD 的一个说明符，指定青年的高风险群体 长期从事暴力和犯罪行为，给家庭和社会造成沉重负担。关键 区别在于，这些青少年表现出明显的人格症状，而目前的 CD 干预措施并不具备这些症状 对待他人的冷漠、缺乏同理心以及对其有害行为的愧疚感，以及 影响浅/减弱。了解 CU 特征背后的机制对于装备至关重要 使用有针对性的方法治疗 CU 特征所需的知识进行干预。历史悠久 理论表明，无畏是 CU 特质发展的关键机制。然而，生物 支持 CU 特质与无所畏惧之间关联的证据不足，目前的状况 由于生态有效性，检查受到限制。我们将研究恐惧之间的关联 通过测量交感神经（射血前期）和 CD 青少年（13-17 岁）的 CU 特征 沉浸在尖端虚拟环境中时的副交感神经系统反应性（呼吸性窦性心律失常） 现实（VR）恐惧感​​应。我们将同时应用面部肌电图来评估阳性和 负价。我们还将确定这些关联中的性别差异，并提供证据 生物学恐惧特征如何有助于青少年时期 12 个月内 CU 特征的稳定性。 该提案的潜在好处很高。根据我们的试点数据，我们将检验我们的假设：青年 具有 CU 特征的人将表现出独特的恐惧生物学特征，而这种特征无法用无所畏惧来解释，并且这些 关联是有性别特异性的。在患有 CD 的青少年中证实这一发现可能会导致重塑先前的发育 CU 特征理论可能会导致改进筛查和更有利的性别敏感治疗 我们青年的战略。