The neural architecture of pragmatic processing

语用处理的神经结构

• 批准号: 10395450
• 负责人: Evelina Fedorenko
• 金额: $ 39.75万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-05-21 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10395450
• 关键词: American; Architecture; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain imaging; Cognition; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Coupling; Craniocerebral Trauma; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Etiology; Failure; Foundations; Frontotemporal Dementia; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Humor; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Language; Light; Linguistics; Measures; Metaphor; Minor; Nature; Parietal; Patients; Play; Public Health; Reproducibility; Research; Rest; Science; Short-Term Memory; Social Environment; Social Network; Solid; Stimulus; Stroke; Support System; System; Testing; Tissues; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; clinical practice; developmental disease; executive function; experimental study; flexibility; frontal lobe; hemisphere damage; imaging study; indexing; language comprehension; network models; neural network; neural patterning; relating to nervous system; response; social; social cognition; social communication; stroke-induced aphasia; success; support network

Language comprehension entails more than simply decoding the literal meaning of an utterance: our interpretation is powerfully shaped by our knowledge of the intent of the speaker, the linguistic and social context, and our general world knowledge. This ability to exploit speaker intent and background knowledge to go beyond the literal meaning of the sentence is referred to as “pragmatics”, and is at the core of communicative success. Pragmatic deficits characterize numerous developmental disorders, like autism spectrum disorders or Social Communication Disorder, and commonly arise in individuals with acquired frontal lobe or right hemisphere damage due to stroke, head injury, or degeneration. Given that successful communication is key to our ability to form personal and professional relationships, it is critical to develop effective diagnostics and treatments for individuals suffering from communication disorders. An understanding of the neural and cognitive mechanisms that underlie pragmatic processing is an essential prerequisite. Using a powerful functional localization approach in fMRI and adhering to the current standards of reproducible and transparent science, we here propose to systematically examine the contributions of three communication-relevant networks – the language network, the social cognition network, and the executive-function network – to pragmatic reasoning, and the interactions among these networks through a synergistic combination of traditional task-based paradigms (Aim 1), naturalistic cognition paradigms (Aims 2 and 3), and dynamic network modeling (Aim 3). In Aim 1, we examine the responses in the language, social, and executive networks to diverse pragmatic phenomena, like humor, metaphor, and white lies. In Aim 2, we examine stimulus-related activity in each of our target networks during the processing of rich naturalistic linguistic materials. And in Aim 3, we use dynamic network modeling to examine the interactions between networks during linguistic processing. This work will profoundly impact both i) basic science, by providing a rich characterization of the relative importance of the key networks, the division of labor among them, and the nature of their interactions, and ii) clinical practice, by providing a solid theoretical framework and a robust empirical foundation for understanding disorders of communication. In summary, this research will shed new critical light on the neural architecture of pragmatic reasoning and lay the foundation for future work aimed at probing the nature of communicative failures in pragmatic disorders of diverse etiologies.

语言理解实体不仅仅是简单地解码话语的字面意义： 我们的解释是通过我们对说话者意图的知识来塑造的 语言和社会背景以及我们的一般世界知识。这种利用演讲者的能力 意图和背景知识超出句子的字面意义。 作为“实用主义者”，是沟通成功的核心。务实定义 许多发育障碍，例如自闭症谱系障碍或社会交流 障碍，通常在获得额叶或右半球的个体中出现 由于中风，头部受伤或变性而造成的损害。鉴于成功的沟通是关键 对于我们建立个人和专业关系的能力，发展有效至关重要 患有沟通障碍的人的诊断和治疗。一个 基础务实的处理是 基本先决条件。 在fMRI中使用强大的功能定位方法并遵守当前 可再现和透明科学的标准，我们在这里提议系统地检查 三个相关网络的贡献 - 语言网络，社会 认知网络和执行功能网络 - 务实推理，以及 这些网络之间通过基于传统任务的协同组合之间的交互 范式（AIM 1），自然主义认知范式（AIM 2和3）和动态网络 建模（AIM 3）。在AIM 1中，我们检查了语言，社会和高管的回答 幽默，隐喻和白色的谎言等潜水务实现象的网络。在AIM 2中，我们 在处理富的过程中，检查每个目标网络中与刺激相关的活性 自然主义的语言材料。在AIM 3中，我们使用动态网络建模来检查 语言处理过程中网络之间的相互作用。这项工作将对 i）基础科学，通过提供钥匙相对重要性的丰富特征 网络，其中的劳动分工及其相互作用的性质，ii）临床 练习，通过提供坚实的理论框架和强大的经验基础 了解交流的疾病。总而言之，这项研究将使新的批判光明 关于务实推理的神经结构，并为未来的工作奠定了基础 探测潜水病毒学务实疾病中沟通失败的性质。