Neural mechanisms of biased attention towards disorder-salient stimuli in bulimia nervosa

神经性贪食症患者对障碍显着刺激的偏向注意的神经机制

• 批准号: 10379917
• 负责人: Jeffrey Scott Johnson
• 金额: $ 14.72万
• 依托单位: SANFORD RESEARCH NORTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10379917
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Anxiety; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Body Image; Brain; Bulimia; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Development; Disease; Eating; Eating Behavior; Eating Disorders; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Environment; Evaluation; Exhibits; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Image; Imaging Techniques; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental disorders; Methods; Modality; Moods; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Neurosciences Research; Parietal; Participant; Pathway interactions; Performance; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Resources; Rest; Risk; Severities; Shapes; Specificity; Stimulus; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Training; Visual Fields; Weight; Weight Gain; attentional bias; base; biobehavior; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive task; cue reactivity; effective therapy; emotion regulation; follow up assessment; imaging modality; indexing; innovation; insight; mortality; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; noninvasive brain stimulation; novel; prevent; relating to nervous system; symptomatology; tool; visual cognition; visual neuroscience

Neural mechanisms of biased attention towards disorder-salient stimuli in bulimia nervosa PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa (BN) are characterized by aberrant eating behaviors that are thought to be promoted and maintained by an overvaluation of and preoccupation with weight, shape, and food. It has been suggested that excessive concern with body image, and factors that affect body image (e.g., food and eating), may maintain disordered eating behavior and other symptoms of BN by directing limited cognitive resources towards disorder-salient stimuli, thereby interfering with perceptual and cognitive tasks and distorting how the environment is perceived and interpreted by the individual. However, the temporal dynamics of attentional engagement, the specificity of attention biases to disorder-salient stimuli, and the underlying neural mechanisms that may give rise to them are still poorly understood. Although recent years have witnessed a marked increase in basic cognitive and neuroscience research related to eating disorders, it is generally acknowledged that the field lags behind other psychiatric disorders in terms of progress in understanding the brain circuits and pathophysiology of this debilitating form of mental illness. Gaining this understanding is critical if the promise of refined treatment modalities targeting BN is to be realized. The proposed project will contribute to this endeavor by using innovative behavioral and electrophysiological methods to measure attention biases towards disorder-salient stimuli, state-of-the-art imaging methods to assess brain functional connectivity, and correlation-based statistical approaches to examine the relationship between the two. This will provide a convergent approach that tests specific hypotheses regarding core processes that may be disrupted in BN. Basic knowledge about the neural basis of attention biases in BN can provide insights into the nature of a large number of psychiatric and neurological disorders that feature maladaptive preoccupations with disorder-relevant stimuli, such as anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. Moreover, understanding attention biases and their neural bases can contribute to the development of novel behavioral and brain stimulation-based methods of effectively treating these debilitating conditions.

神经性贪食症的神经机制偏向于障碍性刺激的关注 项目摘要/摘要 饮食失调（例如神经性贪食症（BN））的特征是异常饮食行为。 通过对体重，形状和食物的高估和关注度的高估和促进和维护。它有 有人建议对身体形象过度关注，以及影响身体形象的因素（例如，食物和食物和 饮食），可以通过指导有限的认知能力来维持饮食行为无序和其他BN的症状 实现障碍刺激的资源，从而干扰感知和认知任务并扭曲 个人如何感知和解释环境。但是，时间动态 注意参与度，注意力偏见与无序刺激的特异性以及潜在的神经 可能引起它们的机制仍然很熟悉。尽管最近几年见证了 与饮食失调有关的基本认知和神经科学研究明显增加，通常是 承认该领域在理解的进展方面落后于其他精神疾病 这种衰弱的精神疾病形式的脑回路和病理生理学。获得这种理解是 至关重要的是要实现针对BN的精致治疗方式的承诺。拟议的项目将 通过使用创新的行为和电生理方法来衡量这一努力 注意偏见的偏见刺激，最新的成像方法，以评估大脑功能 连接性和基于相关的统计方法，以检查两者之间的关系。这 将提供一种收敛的方法来检验有关核心过程的特定假设 BN中断。 BN关注偏见的神经基础的基本知识可以提供有关该偏见的见解 大量精神病和神经系统疾病的性质，具有不良适应性的关注 具有障碍刺激，例如焦虑，情绪和药物使用障碍。而且，理解 注意偏见及其神经碱会有助于新的行为和大脑的发展 基于刺激的方法可有效治疗这些衰弱的条件。