Multisensory Processes in the Mechanics of Hearing

听觉机制中的多感官过程

• 批准号: 10375531
• 负责人: JENNIFER M GROH
• 金额: $ 34.21万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10375531
• 关键词: Affect; Age-associated memory impairment; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory system; Binaural; Brain; Cochlea; Cognition Disorders; Comprehension; Coupled; Cues; Disease; Dyslexia; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Eye; Eye Movements; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Hearing problem; Human; Labyrinth; Lasers; Learning; Light; Lipreading; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Meniere' s Disease; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Movement; Outer Hair Cells; Pathway interactions; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Pontine structure; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Reporting; Reticular Formation; Retina; Role; Route; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Services; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Tinnitus; Travel; Tympanic membrane; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; auditory pathway; auditory processing; autism spectrum disorder; ear muscle; experimental study; eye center; frontal eye fields; human subject; microphone; middle ear; mind control; multisensory; oculomotor; sensory system; sound; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vector; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY Vision helps us hear. For example, lip reading aids speech comprehension, and visual cues are thought to be critical for learning how to localize sounds. Visual-auditory interactions are usually considered to be a cortical phenomenon, but mounting evidence suggests that cross-talk between sensory systems begins well before the cortical stage. In this project, we investigate visual influences over the auditory processing at the earliest point that they occur: in the ear. The auditory pathway has a robust system for modulating the processing of incoming auditory signals via the motoric actions of outer hair cells and middle ear musculature. These structures are under descending control from the brain, providing potential routes for visual-related signals to influence auditory processing. This system is affected by movements of the eyes: we have recently reported a previously unknown oscillation of the eardrum that is time locked to the occurrence of saccades and occurs in the absence of a delivered sound. We hypothesize that the processes that underlie this eye movement-related effect on peripheral auditory processing play a role in reconciling the disparities in visual and auditory spatial signals that accompany eye movements. We will test this hypothesis by determining what eye movement properties determine the properties of the eardrum oscillation, where in the oculomotor system commands that contribute to this effect originate; and how eye-movement related peripheral processing changes in conjunction with changes in the mapping between visual and auditory space. Together, these experiments will shed light on how the brain tunes its auditory input to coordinate with the visual system. The discovery of multisensory signals at the very gateway of the auditory pathway represents a fundamental shift in our understanding of the scope and mechanisms employed not only in service of multisensory integration, but also on what was previously supposed to be unimodal processing. The findings will be relevant to disorders involving hearing as well as other conditions that involve visual and auditory deficits, such as dyslexia, auditory processing disorder, Meniere's disease, autism, schizophrenia, and age-related cognitive impairments.

项目摘要 视觉可以帮助我们听到。例如，思考唇部阅读辅助语音理解和视觉提示 对于学习如何定位声音至关重要。视觉审计互动通常被认为是 一种皮质现象，但越来越多的证据表明，感觉系统之间的串扰开始 在皮质阶段之前。在这个项目中，我们研究了对听觉处理的视觉影响 在它们最早发生的时刻：在耳朵里。 听觉途径具有强大的系统，用于通过 外毛细胞和中耳肌肉组织的机动作用。这些结构正在下降 从大脑控制，为视觉相关信号提供潜在的路线以影响听觉处理。 该系统受眼睛运动的影响：我们最近报告了以前未知的 锁定扫视的时间的耳膜的振荡，并在没有的情况下发生 传递的声音。 我们假设这是对外周听觉效果的基础的过程 处理在核对随附的视觉和听觉空间信号的差异方面发挥作用 眼动。我们将通过确定哪些眼动特性确定来检验这一假设 耳膜振荡的特性，在动眼系统命令中有助于 这种效果起源；以及与眼动相关的外围处理如何与 视觉和听觉空间之间的映射变化。 这些实验在一起将阐明大脑如何调整其听觉输入以与 视觉系统。在听觉途径的网关中发现多感觉信号 代表了我们对所采用范围和机制的理解的根本转变 多感觉集成的服务，以及以前应该是单峰处理的内容。 这些发现将与涉及听力的疾病以及其他涉及视觉的疾病有关 和听觉缺陷，例如阅读障碍，听觉加工障碍，Meniere病，自闭症， 精神分裂症和与年龄有关的认知障碍。