Characterizing Low Alcohol Sensitivity in Laboratory and Real-World Contexts

在实验室和现实世界中表征低酒精敏感性

• 批准号: 10365992
• 负责人: BRUCE D BARTHOLOW
• 金额: $ 42.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-20 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10365992
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Alcohols; Attention; Behavior; Brain; Communities; Cues; Data; Data Set; Dependence; Detection; Development; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Etiology; Event-Related Potentials; Female; Heavy Drinking; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monitor; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Outcome; Outcome Assessment; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Sedation procedure; Surveys; Testing; Translating; Visual; addiction; adverse outcome; alcohol consequences; alcohol craving; alcohol cue; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; alcohol involvement; alcohol measurement; alcohol response; alcohol risk; alcohol sensitivity; alcohol use disorder; attentional bias; base; behavior measurement; craving; critical developmental period; cue reactivity; diaries; disease classification; disorder risk; drinking; drinking behavior; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; endophenotype; experience; follow-up; incentive salience; indexing; insight; inter-individual variation; male; neuroadaptation; neurobehavioral; neurobiological mechanism; novel; peer; psychologic; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; smartphone Application; theories; underage drinker; young adult

Differential sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol, particularly reduced sedation-like effects and enhanced stimulation-like effects (here simplified as “low sensitivity;” LS), is known to be a potent risk factor for alcohol abuse, dependence, and drinking-contingent adverse consequences. However, at present relatively little is known concerning the specific psychological mechanisms through which LS promotes problematic drinking. The research proposed here is aimed at testing a novel translational hypothesis, based in the incentive sensitization theory of addiction, linking LS with specific psychological and neurobiological processes that both promote craving and motivation for alcohol and facilitate heavy drinking. The proposed research will use a combination of laboratory-based measures to gauge attention to, motivation for, and incentive value of alcohol- related cues (alcohol cue-reactivity; ACR) and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of ‘real-world’ drinking and related experiences. Participants will be young drinkers (ages 18-20 years) recruited from the community, permitting investigation of a novel, theory-driven model of risk for problematic drinking during a critical developmental period for alcohol involvement (emerging adulthood). Using a variety of recruitment channels, we will screen potential participants to obtain information about their level of alcohol sensitivity (as determined using validated questionnaires) and drinking patterns. A target sample of 420 emerging adults (70 males and 70 females in each of three sensitivity terciles) will be invited to participate in a laboratory session during which four tasks will be used to evaluate ACR: (1) a visual dot-probe detection task assessing involuntary capture of attention by alcohol cues; (2) an alcohol approach-avoidance task evaluating implicit approach bias elicited by alcohol cues; (3) amplitude of the P3 event-related potential elicited by alcohol cues, assessing incentive value for alcohol; and (4) an olfactory cue exposure task measuring self-reported craving for alcohol. Following this laboratory session, participants will begin a 21-day EMA period during which they will use a smartphone app to record alcohol cue exposure, alcohol craving, drinking behaviors, and adverse consequences of drinking in their natural environments. Participants will complete an online follow-up survey one year after the laboratory session. The research will permit us to (a) characterize how individual differences in alcohol sensitivity relate to neurobehavioral and self-report measures of incentive sensitization processes; (b) investigate how LS relates to drinking behavior, ACR, craving, and problems in young drinkers' natural environments; and (c) evaluate empirical associations among alcohol sensitivity, laboratory endophenotypes, ecologically assessed drinking experiences, and problematic drinking outcomes. This approach will produce a unique and rich dataset, findings from which will help fill critical gaps in extant knowledge about the etiology of LS-related risk for AUD.

对酒精的急性影响的差异敏感性，尤其是镇静样效应，并增强 刺激样效应（此处简化为“低灵敏度”； LS），已知是酒精的潜在危险因素 滥用，依赖和饮酒广告后果。但是，目前相对较少是 有关LS促进有问题饮酒的特定心理机制的已知。 这里提出的研究旨在测试基于激励措施的新型翻译假设 成瘾的敏化理论，将LS与特定的心理和神经生物学过程联系起来 促进酒精的渴望和动力，并促进大量饮酒。拟议的研究将使用 基于实验室的措施的结合，以评估酒精的关注，动机和激励价值 相关线索（酒精提示反应性； ACR）和“现实世界”的生态瞬时评估（EMA） 饮酒和相关经验。参与者将是年轻饮酒者（18-20岁） 社区，允许调查一种新颖的，理论驱动的风险模型 酒精参与的关键发育时期（成年）。使用各种招聘 渠道，我们将筛选潜在参与者以获取有关其酒精敏感性水平的信息（如 使用经过验证的调查表和饮酒方式确定。 420名成年人的目标样本（70个 三个敏感性tercilles的男性和70名女性将邀请参加实验室会议 在此期间，将使用四个任务来评估ACR：（1）视觉点检测任务评估 酒精提示非自愿捕获注意力； （2）评估隐式的酒精避免方法 酒精提示引起的方法偏见； （3）酒精提示引起的P3事件相关电位的放大器， 评估酒精的激励价值； （4）嗅觉提示暴露任务，以衡量自我报告的渴望 酒精。在本实验室会议之后，参与者将开始21天的EMA期间 使用智能手机应用记录酒精提示，渴望酒精，饮酒行为和逆境 在自然环境中饮酒的后果。参与者将完成在线后续调查 实验室会议后一年。这项研究将使我们（a）表征个体差异 在酒精敏感性中，与激励敏感性过程的神经行为和自我报告有关； （b）研究LS与饮酒行为，ACR，渴望和年轻人自然的问题之间的关系 环境； （c）评估酒精敏感性，实验室内表型之间的经验关联， 生态评估饮酒经验和饮酒结果问题。这种方法将产生 独特而丰富的数据集，从中的发现将有助于填补有关病因的广泛知识的关键空白 LS相关的AUD风险。