Visual Form Perception Produced by Electrically Stimulating Human Visual Cortex

电刺激人类视觉皮层产生的视觉形式感知

• 批准号: 10336833
• 负责人: DANIEL YOSHOR
• 金额: $ 39.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10336833
• 关键词: Accommodation phosphene; Algorithms; Blindness; Bypass; Clinical Trials; Computer Models; Data; Development; Devices; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Epilepsy; Eye; Form Perception; Functional disorder; Funding; Future; Hand; Hand functions; Human; Image; Implant; Individual; Intractable Epilepsy; Lead; Letters; Light; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Optic Nerve; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Photic Stimulation; Preclinical Testing; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Resources; Retina; Shapes; Site; Spottings; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; blind; brain computer interface; density; experience; experimental study; improved; interest; next generation; novel; programs; research clinical testing; restoration; retinotopic; sight restoration; somatosensory; success; virtual; visual stimulus

Project Summary/Abstract Blindness disables millions of people across the world. In most cases, incurable blindness is caused by damage or dysfunction of the eye, retina, or optic nerve, but the visual cortex is undamaged and potentially functional. Electrical stimulation of visual cortex, even in blind patients, produces a percept of a distinct spots of light known as phosphenes. There has long been interest in developing a prosthetic device that employs direct activation of the intact visual cortex to restore vision to the blind. It has been speculated that phosphenes could serve as the building blocks for visual restoration in the blind; but unlike pixels in a video display, multiple phosphenes are not readily combined into a percept of a coherent form. We propose a novel stimulation paradigm, termed "dynamic current steering," that can dramatically enhance the ability of visual cortical prosthetics (VCPs) to produce useful percepts of visual forms. Because there are imminent plans for clinical trials of several VCPs within the next few years, now is a currently particularly important time to develop improved methods for stimulation of visual cortex. To assess and refine dynamic current steering as a methodology for a VCP, we will measure percepts produced with this novel paradigm in pre-clinical testing in human epilepsy patients with implanted intracranial electrodes. In Aim 1, we will test dynamic current steering as a novel method for producing percepts of visual forms. In Aim 2, we will optimize the components of dynamic current steering to promote perception of coherent forms. Together, these aims will result in a novel paradigm for producing useful percepts of coherent visual forms by stimulation visual cortex that will be immediately translatable in forthcoming clinical trials of the next generation of VCPs.

项目概要/摘要 失明导致全世界数百万人丧失能力。大多数情况下是无法治愈的 失明是由眼睛、视网膜或视神经损伤或功能障碍引起的， 但视觉皮层未受损且具有潜在功能。电气 刺激视觉皮层，即使是盲人患者，也会产生一种感知 被称为光幻视的独特光点。长期以来一直有兴趣 开发一种直接激活完整视觉的假肢装置 大脑皮层使盲人恢复视力。据推测，光幻视 可以作为盲人视力恢复的基础；但不像 视频显示器中的像素，多个光幻视不容易组合成一个 对连贯形式的感知。我们提出了一种新颖的刺激范式，称为 “动态电流转向”，可以显着增强视觉能力 皮质假体（VCP）产生有用的视觉形式感知。因为 近期计划在未来几年内对几种 VCP 进行临床试验 年，现在是开发改进方法的特别重要的时刻 用于刺激视觉皮层。评估和完善动态电流控制 VCP 的方法论，我们将衡量这部小说产生的感知 人类癫痫患者植入植入物的临床前测试范例 颅内电极。在目标 1 中，我们将测试动态电流控制作为一种新颖的方法 产生视觉形式感知的方法。在目标 2 中，我们将优化 动态电流控制的组成部分，以促进相干形式的感知。 这些目标共同将产生一种产生有用感知的新范式 通过刺激视觉皮层形成连贯的视觉形式 可转化为即将进行的下一代 VCP 的临床试验。