Visual mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception during self-motion

自运动中距离空间感知的视觉机制

• 批准号: 10317155
• 负责人: Zijiang He
• 金额: $ 54.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10317155
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Adopted; Affect; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Characteristics; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Defect; Environment; Eye; Human; Image; Judgment; Knowledge; Literature; Location; Maps; Measures; Memory; Motion; Movement; Neurologic; Outcomes Research; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Proprioception; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Role; Route; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Surface; System; Testing; Texture; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Walking; base; behavioral response; cognitive load; experimental study; insight; motor control; neuromechanism; operation; relating to nervous system; retinal imaging; somatosensory; visual coding; visual information; way finding

Project Summary Every day we rely on our vision to judge the absolute distances of objects around us to plan and guide our actions, such as walking and driving. This, wayfinding, process of ascertaining one’s position and planning for possible routes of actions cannot be accomplished without reliable perception of visual space in the intermediate distance range (~2-25m from the observer). Thus, the broad long-term objective of this project is to uncover the mechanisms underlying intermediate distance space perception that supports distance judgment. Yet, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception compared to those of near space perception (<2m). Moreover, extant knowledge is predominantly obtained from testing static observers, making it difficult to generalize to the more common situation where observers plan and execute self- motion. The latter situation is more complex because self-motion is accompanied by retinal image motion of static objects in the surrounding environment, potentially requiring the visual system to simultaneously track the locations of all objects in the environment. The visual system also requires more processing capacity because it has to simultaneously compute the visual space representation, explore the environment, implement motor controls, etc. Clearly, both challenges – coding complexity and capacity limitation – could pose as potential threats to our ability to efficiently judge absolute distances and implement actions. We hypothesize the visual system overcomes both challenges by: (a) spatially updating the moving observer’s position using an allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system for representing visual space, and (b) use spatial working memory (spatial-image) during spatial updating. We will investigate both hypotheses in three specific aims. Aim 1: Investigate the implementation of the allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system Aim 2: Investigate the factors affecting the spatial updating of visual space Aim 3: Investigate the role of spatial-image memory in visual space perception Our psychophysical experiments will measure human behavioral responses in the real 3D environment. This approach allows us to understand how our natural ecological niche, namely, the ground surface, both constrains and supports space perception and action in the real world. We will test human observers’ ability to judge target locations in impoverished visual environments under various conditions, such as while manipulating the observers’ cognitive load (attention and memory), or available visual and idiothetic (vestibular and proprioception) information, while they plan and/or execute self-motion (walking). The outcomes of this research will advance the space perception literature, bridge theoretical knowledge of visual space perception and memory-directed navigation (cognitive maps), as well as reveal the influence of vestibular and somatosensory signals. In turn, the theoretical advancements provide insights for better understanding of intermediate distance space perception related to eye and visual impairments and their impacts on mobility in the real 3D environment.

项目摘要 每天我们都依靠我们的愿景来判断我们周围物体的绝对距离来计划和指导我们 行动，例如步行和驾驶。这是寻求发现的，确定自己的立场和计划的过程 如果没有可靠的视觉空间中的视觉空间，则可能无法完成行动 距离范围（距离观察者约2-25m）。那个项目的广泛长期目标是揭露 支持距离判断的中间距离空间感知的机制。 然而，对于中间距离空间感知的基本机制，知之甚少 那些近空间感知（<2m）。此外，主要通过测试静态获得了广泛的知识 观察者，使观察者计划和执行自我的更常见情况很难概括 运动。以后的情况更为复杂，因为自我运动是通过永久性图像运动来完成的 周围环境中的静态对象，有可能要求视觉系统简单地跟踪 环境中所有对象的位置。视觉系统还需要更多的处理能力，因为 它必须只需计算视觉空间表示，探索环境，实现电动机 控制措施等。显然，这两个挑战 - 编码复杂性和容量限制 - 可能构成潜力 威胁我们有效判断绝对距离和实施行动的能力。我们假设视觉 系统通过以下方式克服这两个挑战：（a）使用同类中心，在空间上更新移动观察者的位置 以世界为中心的空间坐标系用于表示视觉空间，（b）使用空间工作记忆 （空间图像）在空间更新过程中。我们将在三个特定目标中调查这两个假设。 目标1：调查以世界为中心的以世界为中心的空间坐标系统的实施 目标2：调查影响视觉空间空间更新的因素 目标3：研究空间图像记忆在视觉空间感知中的作用 我们的心理物理实验将在实际的3D环境中衡量人类行为反应。这 方法使我们能够理解我们的自然生态利基，即地面如何约束 并支持现实世界中的空间感知和行动。我们将测试人类观察者判断目标的能力 在各种条件下的贫困视觉环境中的位置，例如在操纵 观察者的认知负载（注意力和记忆），或可用的视觉和惯用性（前庭和 本体感受）信息，当他们计划和/或执行自我运动（步行）时。这项研究的结果 将推进空间感知文献，弥合视觉空间感知的理论知识和 记忆指导的导航（认知图），并揭示了前庭和体感的影响 信号。反过来，理论进步提供了见解，以更好地理解中间距离 与眼睛和视觉障碍有关的空间感知及其对实际3D环境中移动性的影响。