Visual mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception during self-motion

自运动中距离空间感知的视觉机制

• 批准号: 10480950
• 负责人: Zijiang He
• 金额: $ 50.8万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10480950
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Activities of Daily Living; Address; Adopted; Affect; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Characteristics; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Defect; Environment; Eye; Human; Image; Judgment; Knowledge; Literature; Location; Maps; Measures; Memory; Motion; Movement; Neurologic; Outcomes Research; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Proprioception; Psychophysics; Research; Resources; Role; Route; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Surface; System; Testing; Texture; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Walking; base; behavioral response; cognitive load; experimental study; insight; motor control; neuromechanism; operation; relating to nervous system; retinal imaging; somatosensory; visual coding; visual information; way finding

Project Summary Every day we rely on our vision to judge the absolute distances of objects around us to plan and guide our actions, such as walking and driving. This, wayfinding, process of ascertaining one’s position and planning for possible routes of actions cannot be accomplished without reliable perception of visual space in the intermediate distance range (~2-25m from the observer). Thus, the broad long-term objective of this project is to uncover the mechanisms underlying intermediate distance space perception that supports distance judgment. Yet, less is known about the underlying mechanisms of intermediate distance space perception compared to those of near space perception (<2m). Moreover, extant knowledge is predominantly obtained from testing static observers, making it difficult to generalize to the more common situation where observers plan and execute self- motion. The latter situation is more complex because self-motion is accompanied by retinal image motion of static objects in the surrounding environment, potentially requiring the visual system to simultaneously track the locations of all objects in the environment. The visual system also requires more processing capacity because it has to simultaneously compute the visual space representation, explore the environment, implement motor controls, etc. Clearly, both challenges – coding complexity and capacity limitation – could pose as potential threats to our ability to efficiently judge absolute distances and implement actions. We hypothesize the visual system overcomes both challenges by: (a) spatially updating the moving observer’s position using an allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system for representing visual space, and (b) use spatial working memory (spatial-image) during spatial updating. We will investigate both hypotheses in three specific aims. Aim 1: Investigate the implementation of the allocentric, world-centered spatial coordinate system Aim 2: Investigate the factors affecting the spatial updating of visual space Aim 3: Investigate the role of spatial-image memory in visual space perception Our psychophysical experiments will measure human behavioral responses in the real 3D environment. This approach allows us to understand how our natural ecological niche, namely, the ground surface, both constrains and supports space perception and action in the real world. We will test human observers’ ability to judge target locations in impoverished visual environments under various conditions, such as while manipulating the observers’ cognitive load (attention and memory), or available visual and idiothetic (vestibular and proprioception) information, while they plan and/or execute self-motion (walking). The outcomes of this research will advance the space perception literature, bridge theoretical knowledge of visual space perception and memory-directed navigation (cognitive maps), as well as reveal the influence of vestibular and somatosensory signals. In turn, the theoretical advancements provide insights for better understanding of intermediate distance space perception related to eye and visual impairments and their impacts on mobility in the real 3D environment.

项目概要 我们每天依靠视觉来判断周围物体的绝对距离来规划和指导我们的行动。 行动，例如步行和驾驶，寻路、确定位置和规划的过程。 如果没有对中间视觉空间的可靠感知，就无法完成可能的行动路线 距离范围（距观察者约 2-25m）因此，该项目的长期目标是揭示 支持距离判断的中距离空间感知的机制。 然而，与中距离空间感知相比，人们对中距离空间感知的基本机制知之甚少。 此外，现有的知识主要是通过静态测试获得的。 观察者，这使得很难推广到更常见的情况，即观察者计划和执行自我 后一种情况更为复杂，因为自身运动伴随着视网膜图像的运动。 周围环境中的静态物体，可能需要视觉系统同时跟踪 环境中所有物体的位置还需要更多的处理能力，因为 它必须同时计算视觉空间表示、探索环境、实施运动 显然，编码复杂性和容量限制这两个挑战都可能构成潜在的挑战 对我们有效判断绝对距离和实施行动的能力的威胁。 系统通过以下方式克服了这两个挑战：（a）使用非中心空间更新移动观察者的位置， 用于表示视觉空间的以世界为中心的空间坐标系，以及（b）使用空间工作记忆 （空间图像）在空间更新期间我们将研究三个特定目标的两个假设。 目标1：研究异中心、世界中心空间坐标系的实现 目标2：研究影响视觉空间更新的因素 目标 3：研究空间图像记忆在视觉空间感知中的作用 我们的心理物理实验将测量真实 3D 环境中的人类行为反应。 方法使我们能够了解我们的自然生态位，即地面，两者如何受到约束 并支持现实世界中的空间感知和行动。我们将测试人类观察者判断目标的能力。 在各种条件下，例如在操纵 观察者的认知负荷（注意力和记忆力），或可用的视觉和特异功能（前庭和记忆） 本体感觉）信息，同时他们计划和/或执行自我运动（步行）。 将推进空间感知文献，架起视觉空间感知的理论知识和 记忆导向导航（认知图），以及揭示前庭和体感的影响 反过来，理论进步为更好地理解中距离信号提供了见解。 与眼睛和视觉障碍相关的空间感知及其对真实 3D 环境中移动性的影响。