Study on Recent Floods and Droughts in Southeast Asia and the Pacific

东南亚和太平洋地区近期洪涝和干旱研究

基本信息

批准号：
10044342
负责人：
TAKEUCHI Kuniyoshi
金额：
--
依托单位：
Yamanashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research.
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044342/
关键词：
Southeast Asia and the Pacific ENSO Flood Drought Unusual Weather Measure for Disaster AP-FRIEND IHP

项目摘要

The floods and droughts in the 1990's in Southeast Asia and the Pacific were investigated and analyzed towards the practicable disaster prevention management in the region. The study was conducted in collaboration with many researchers in Southeast Asian and the Pacific countries through the Asian Pacific FRIEND (Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data) of UNESCO IHP (International Hydrological Program). The following are the list of selected investigation outcomes. The details are in this report as well as in the Proceedings of Asian Pacific FRIEND and GAME Joint Workshop on ENSO, Floods and Droughts in the 1990's in Southeast Asia and the Pacific in the 1990's held in Hanoi, on 23-25 March 1999 (IHP Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific and Vietnamese IHP National Committee (eds)).Floods in the 1990's occurred not only in the flood prone warm humid regions but also elsewhere like US, Canada, Europe, Korean Peninsula and even arid and sem … More i-arid regions such as Tunisia, Iran, Egypt and Yemen. The frequency of floods and droughts seems increasing in the recent decades.The El-Nino of 199 1-94 and 97-98 gave great impacts on hydrology and water resources, mainly as severe droughts, to Southeast Asia and the Pacific, especially in the areas of the lower latitudes between 20N and 20S.The impact of 97 EI-Nino was among others especially devastating.The El-Nino influences different regions in different way. In Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand, it brings direct impacts on precipitation and river runoff. On the other hand, it is indirect in China, R.Korea, DPR Korea and Japan. As a result, there is a strong interest in countries of the former group seeking for the possibility of predicting rainfall and river discharge from SOI's and SST's.The main factors affecting the 1998 Great China floods may be such as concentrated heavy rainfalls, reduced basin retardation capacity such as in Lake Dong Ting and due to deforestation, extension of continuous levee system, decrease of dike breakage sites and decrease of channel capacity due to sedimentation and human dwelling.The 1997 Indonesian forest fires and consequences were not only due to very severe droughts but also due to various human factors.Death tolls by disasters are proportional to the poverty of the national economy. Poor countries are more tragic to disasters than the rich. On the other hand, economic losses may not necessarily be reduced regardless of flood control investments. Less

该研究是通过Asia Pacific FRIEND（Flow）与东南亚和太平洋国家的许多研究人员合作进行的，对1990年代东南亚和太平洋地区的洪水和干旱进行了调查和分析，以制定该地区切实可行的防灾管理措施。联合国教科文组织国际水文计划（IHP）的国际实验和网络数据的制度如下是选定的调查结果清单，详细信息见本报告以及《亚太之友》和《会议记录》。 1999 年 3 月 23 日至 25 日，关于 1990 年代东南亚和太平洋地区 ENSO、洪水和干旱的 GAME 联合研讨会在河内举行（国际水文计划东南亚和太平洋地区指导委员会和越南国际水文计划国家委员会（ eds) )。1990年代的洪水不仅发生在洪水多发的温暖潮湿地区，也发生在美国、加拿大、欧洲等其他地方，朝鲜半岛乃至突尼斯、伊朗、埃及和也门等干旱和半干旱地区近几十年来洪水和干旱的频率似乎有所增加。199年1-94年和97-98年的厄尔尼诺现象给人们带来了困扰。对东南亚和太平洋地区，特别是北纬 20 度至南纬 20 度的低纬度地区，水文和水资源造成重大影响，主要表现为严重干旱。 97厄尔尼诺现象尤其具有破坏性。厄尔尼诺现象以不同的方式影响着越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸、马来西亚、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家的降水和河流径流。另一方面，在中国、韩国、朝鲜和日本则是间接的。因此，前一组国家对寻求利用 SOI 和 SST 预测降雨量和河流流量的可能性有着浓厚的兴趣。影响因素1998年大中华区洪水可能是由于集中强降雨、洞庭湖等流域滞留能力降低、森林砍伐、连续堤坝系统延伸、堤坝破损点减少以及沉积和人类居住导致河道容量减少等原因造成的。 1997年印度尼西亚森林火灾及其后果不仅是由于非常严重的干旱造成的，而且是由于各种人为因素造成的。灾害造成的死亡人数与贫穷国家的国民经济的贫困程度成正比。另一方面，防洪投入再少，经济损失也不一定会减少。