Doctoral Dissertation Research: Human long term adaptation to prehistoric ENSO-driven flooding

博士论文研究：人类对史前 ENSO 驱动洪水的长期适应

• 批准号: 2347965
• 负责人: Benjamin Vining
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2347965&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Human; long

This doctoral dissertation research examines the impact of flooding generated by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to understand the vulnerability of agricultural communities to extreme environmental variability. ENSO causes shifts in precipitation in arid coastal areas which can cause flash flooding and severe damage. This study emphasizes how changing floodplain morphology can make it more difficult for people to reduce their exposure to these floods. Flood events can alter the landscape to the extent that peoples’ capabilities to adapt to future events are limited. Consequently, knowledge about how to adapt to these events must be updated to deal with future potential hazards. Communities must continuously experience, observe, and communicate as they adjust over centuries and millennia to evolving floodplain conditions. Archaeology is well-suited to examine these processes of adapting to the evolution of river hazards. Attention to ancient settlement patterns and their respective floodplain environments reveals how societies mitigated potential flooding by finding elevated areas and generating flood-adapted infrastructure. Interpretations of this data inform modern mitigation efforts as flooding is an ongoing, dynamic risk experienced increasingly by populations worldwide. The interdisciplinary project consists of two parts: integrated hydrologic modeling to predict river behavior and a geological study of sediment sampled from past floods. The model uses historic stream flows, geospatial data, paleoclimatic reconstructions, and ethnohistoric accounts to determine ENSO flood hotspots. Additionally, paleochannels and remnant riverbeds are significant conduits of and contributors to overland flooding. Given their longevity in floodplain geomorphology, they serve as critical indicators for where past and future flooding might occur. Researchers study 650 previously surveyed archaeological sites in a single river valley to determine their exposure to increasing ENSO flood magnitudes in the floodplain and alluvial fan. The team utilizes geophysical and geochemical methods to evaluate soil characteristics in paleochannels to ascertain the impacts of flooding on the long-term stability and primary productivity of bankside landscapes. Leveraging multiple approaches to investigating flooding, this project contributes to archaeological methods and theories regarding flood risk, water resource management, and land use to explore past human-environment interactions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项博士学位论文研究研究了厄尔尼诺南部振荡（ENSO）产生的洪水对了解农业社区对极端环境变异性的脆弱性的影响。 ENSO导致干旱沿海地区降水的变化，这可能会导致山洪泛滥和严重损坏。这项研究强调了变化的洪泛区形态如何使人们更难减少对这些地板的接触。洪水事件可以改变景观，以至于人们适应未来事件的能力受到限制。因此，必须更新有关如何适应这些事件的知识以应对未来的潜在危害。社区必须在数百年和数千年中调整以发展洪泛区的条件时，必须继续体验，观察和交流。考古学非常适合研究这些适应河流危害进化的过程。设定模式及其各自的洪泛区环境揭示了通过寻找高架区域并产生适应洪水的基础设施来减轻潜在的洪水。对该数据的解释将现代缓解工作视为洪水是一种持续的，动态的风险，越来越多。跨学科项目包括两个部分：综合水文建模，以预测河流行为和对过去楼层采样的沉积物的地质研究。该模型使用历史流的流量，地理空间数据，古气候重建和民族历史记录来确定ENSO洪水热点。此外，古通道和残余河床是占地洪水的重要渠道和贡献者。鉴于它们在洪泛区的地貌方面的寿命，它们是过去和将来可能发生洪水的关键指标。研究人员研究650先前调查的单河谷考古遗址，以确定其暴露于洪泛区和冲积风扇中ENSO ENSO洪水量增加的情况。该小组利用地球物理和地球化学方法评估了古通道中的土壤特征，以确定洪水对岸边景观的长期稳定性和主要生产率的影响。该项目利用多种方法来调查洪水，有助于有关洪水风险，水资源管理和土地使用的归档方法和理论，以探索过去的人与环境相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查审查标准来通过评估来诚实地通过评估来诚实地支持。