CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON CHINESE NATIONALISM AND THE CHANGING PROCESS OF MINORITY CULTURES

中国民族主义与少数民族文化变迁过程的文化人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
09410088
负责人：
MARUYAMA Koishi
金额：
$ 5.31万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Chinese economy is changing from the socialist system to the market economy. The aim of this research is to clarify the changing process of minority cultures under the national policies of China. Two ethnic minority groups, the Uygur and the Koreans, were selected for this purpose. Through this study we have confirmed two stages of socio-cultural change. Firstly, the Chinese law permits the existence and continuity of ethnic cultures. The activity of the Nationality Schools in the areas of ethnic minority peoples is one of the evidences of it. Secondary, however, the nationalism of the whole nation-wide scale is sometimes more important than the minority cultures. The national integration including all the ethnic minorities is the fundamental policy of the Chinese polity. Although the Chinese minority people are granted some privileges, the Chinese integration precedes over the minority culture. This is the limitation of the affirmative policy in the multi-national states including China and other states. In this sense, the affirmative action of the United States could be compared with the Chinese counterpart.The Chinese government puts emphasis on the economic development of the western parts of the country where many of the minority people live in. This policy should accelerate the socio-cultural change of the area and more attention should be paid to this process. We have also found some repressing policy by the government toward the religious activities of the minority people in the Uyger Autonomous Region. We should keep observation closely on this national control on the religious activity.

中国经济正在从社会主义制度向市场经济转变。本研究的目的是厘清中国国家政策下少数民族文化的变迁过程。为此目的选择了维吾尔族和朝鲜族这两个少数民族。通过这项研究，我们确认了社会文化变迁的两个阶段。首先，中国法律允许民族文化的存在和延续。少数民族地区民族学校的活动就是明证之一。然而，其次，整个民族范围内的民族主义有时比少数民族文化更重要。包括各少数民族在内的民族融合是中国的基本国策。虽然中国少数民族享有一些特权，但华人的融合先于少数民族文化。这是包括中国在内的多民族国家平权政策的局限性。从这个意义上说，美国的平权行动可以与中国的平权行动相比较。中国政府重视少数民族聚居的西部地区的经济发展。这一政策应该会加速社会进步。 -该地区的文化变迁，应更加关注这一过程。我们还发现，政府对维吾尔自治区少数民族宗教活动存在一些打压政策。对于国家对宗教活动的管制，我们应该密切关注。