Basic studies on preservation of water environment of Lake Biwqa by enhancing value and estimating microbial ecosystem of Lake Biwa

通过提高琵琶湖微生物生态系统的价值和评估来保护琵琶湖水环境的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
09460153
负责人：
TACHIKI Takashi
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research project, we recognize water-plants, phytoplankton and microorganisms in Lake Biwa as "nonutillized biomass resources"(Lake Biwa Biomass, LBB) which grow by adsorbing (removing) the first pollutants as nutrients in the Lake. The purpose of the project is to improve and preserve water quality of the Lake by removing the first pollutants in the form of LBB, which are transformed to new resources with additional value. To achieve these goals, we must characterize the ecosystem for various processes concerning LBB.I. Enchancing value of LBB with microbial activity : Waterweeds were utilized for solid state culture of industrial fungi and edible mushroom. (1) Several fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and produced useful hydrolyzing enzymes. (2) Hiratake also grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and formed more fruiting bodies than those on a conventional medium with saw dust and rice bran. Use of several algae, mixing ratio … More of submaterial, culture condition, cultivation of other edible mushrooms etc. were investigated. Occurrence of factor(s) in waterweeds was suggested, which promotes growth of mushroom mycelium. (3) Protoplast of HIRATAKE was formed by use of a cell-wall lytic enzyme found by the author. Analysis of the lytic enzyme was made in respect to enzyme species effective for degradation of cell-wall of mushroom mycelium.II 2. The chemical ecology of the Lake Biwa biomass1.Selective production of plan biomass : In order to obtain the fundamental knowledge about the selective production of plant biomass, were investigated the interaction between blue-green algae, Microcystis spp. and algae-lysing bacteria, and that between the algae and their predator cladoceran. As the results, many algae-lysing bacteria were obtained. A Strong algaecide produced by one of those bacteria was isolated, and its chemical structure was determined. It was also unveiled that the algae produced lethal toxins and feeding inhibitors against cladoceran.2. Analysis of microbial flora in the sediment of Lake Biwa and its ecological relationship with plant-biomass : The microbial flora and pollutant-decomposing activity of sediments at specific sites in Lake Biwa was examined according to its depth. Microbial flora in the slime layer of a plant biomass, Microcystis sp., was studied from an ecological viewpoint. The attachment mechanism of Vibrio sp., casual agent of vibriosis for Ayu (Japanese river trout), was analyzed, and a novel finding, which demands reconsideration for an old attachment mechanism, was obtained. Less

在该研究项目中，我们认识到BIWA湖中的水植物，浮游植物和微生物为“非利用生物量资源”（Biwa Biomass，LBB，LBB），它们是通过吸附（去除）作为湖中营养的第一批污染物而生长的。该项目的目的是通过以LBB的形式去除第一批污染物来改善和保留湖水的水质，而LBB的形式则转变为具有额外价值的新资源。为了实现这些目标，我们必须描述有关LBB.I的各种过程的生态系统。 LBB具有微生物活性的迷人价值：用水草用于工业真菌和可食用肌肉的固态培养物。（1）几种真菌，例如绿曲霉的蛋黄酱在固体培养基上生长得很好，并产生了有用的水解酶。（2）与萨萨巴莫（Sasabamo）的固体培养基上也可以很好地生长，并且比在带有锯尘和大米麸皮的传统培养基上形成更多的果实体。研究了几种藻类，混合比...更多的下材料，培养条件，其他可食用肌肉室的种植等。建议在水草中发生因子的发生，从而促进肌肉菌丝体的生长。（3）通过使用作者发现的细胞壁裂解酶形成了海藻的原生质体。对裂解酶的分析是针对有效降解肌肉菌丝体细胞壁的酶。II2。bioMass1的化学生态学的化学生态学。选择生物量的生产：为了获得有关植物生物量选择性产生的基本知识，该相互作用被调查了蓝晶片之间的相互作用。和藻类的细菌，以及藻类及其捕食者cladoceran之间的细菌。作为结果，获得了许多藻类溶解细菌。分离出由其中一种细菌产生的强藻型雌雄同体，并确定其化学结构。还揭示了藻类产生致命的毒素和针对cladoceran的喂养抑制剂。2。根据其深度检查了Biwa湖沉积物中微生物菌群的分析及其与植物生物量的生态关系：微生物菌群和污染物分解的沉积物活性在Biwa湖特定地点的深度进行了研究。从生态学角度研究了植物生物量微囊藻的粘液层中的微生物菌群。分析了Vibrio Sp。的固定机制，Ayu（日本河鳟）的随意药物，并获得了一种新发现的发现，该发现需要重新考虑旧的附着机制。较少的