Basic studies on preservation of water environment of Lake Biwqa by enhancing value and estimating microbial ecosystem of Lake Biwa

通过提高琵琶湖微生物生态系统的价值和评估来保护琵琶湖水环境的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
09460153
负责人：
TACHIKI Takashi
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research project, we recognize water-plants, phytoplankton and microorganisms in Lake Biwa as "nonutillized biomass resources"(Lake Biwa Biomass, LBB) which grow by adsorbing (removing) the first pollutants as nutrients in the Lake. The purpose of the project is to improve and preserve water quality of the Lake by removing the first pollutants in the form of LBB, which are transformed to new resources with additional value. To achieve these goals, we must characterize the ecosystem for various processes concerning LBB.I. Enchancing value of LBB with microbial activity : Waterweeds were utilized for solid state culture of industrial fungi and edible mushroom. (1) Several fungi such as Aspergillus oryzae grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and produced useful hydrolyzing enzymes. (2) Hiratake also grew well on the solid medium with SASABAMO, and formed more fruiting bodies than those on a conventional medium with saw dust and rice bran. Use of several algae, mixing ratio … More of submaterial, culture condition, cultivation of other edible mushrooms etc. were investigated. Occurrence of factor(s) in waterweeds was suggested, which promotes growth of mushroom mycelium. (3) Protoplast of HIRATAKE was formed by use of a cell-wall lytic enzyme found by the author. Analysis of the lytic enzyme was made in respect to enzyme species effective for degradation of cell-wall of mushroom mycelium.II 2. The chemical ecology of the Lake Biwa biomass1.Selective production of plan biomass : In order to obtain the fundamental knowledge about the selective production of plant biomass, were investigated the interaction between blue-green algae, Microcystis spp. and algae-lysing bacteria, and that between the algae and their predator cladoceran. As the results, many algae-lysing bacteria were obtained. A Strong algaecide produced by one of those bacteria was isolated, and its chemical structure was determined. It was also unveiled that the algae produced lethal toxins and feeding inhibitors against cladoceran.2. Analysis of microbial flora in the sediment of Lake Biwa and its ecological relationship with plant-biomass : The microbial flora and pollutant-decomposing activity of sediments at specific sites in Lake Biwa was examined according to its depth. Microbial flora in the slime layer of a plant biomass, Microcystis sp., was studied from an ecological viewpoint. The attachment mechanism of Vibrio sp., casual agent of vibriosis for Ayu (Japanese river trout), was analyzed, and a novel finding, which demands reconsideration for an old attachment mechanism, was obtained. Less

在这个研究项目中，我们认识到Biwa湖中的水植物，浮游植物和微生物是“非util lized Biomass Resources” Iomass，LBB，它们是通过吸附（去除）作为湖中营养的第一个污染物而生长的。以LBB雷电的形式删除第一批polountant，以实现这些目标，我们必须对LBB的各种过程进行表征。工业真菌和可食用的蘑菇。研究了其他蘑菇等裂解酶是针对酶降解的酶效应，以便获得有关植物生物量选择性生产的基本知识，很好地研究了蓝绿色藻类，微细胞和藻类SPP和藻类。裂解的脂肪剂。从生态学的角度研究了在Biwa湖中的污染物分解。）分析了一个新颖的发现，需要重新考虑旧的嘴巴机制