Development of Teaching Materials on the on reading of Kanji for L1-Chinese-speaking Learners of Japanese: with a focus on Sino-Japanese words that include nissho or entering tone

汉语日语学习者汉字读解教材的开发：以日正、入声等汉日词汇为重点

• 批准号: 21520522
• 负责人: KUROSAWA Akiko
• 金额: $ 0.75万
• 依托单位: Yamagata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2009 至 2011
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21520522/
• 关键词: 漢字音; 入声音; 標準語; 呉語; 台湾閔南語; 広東語; 教材; 母語の干渉; 北京語; 台湾語; 過剰一般化

This study takes up negative transfer from Chinese which native Chinese-speaking learners of Japanese systematically show : on reading of Sino-Japanese words that include nissho-on, originally a syllable ending in one of the three stop consonants, /p^￢, t^￢, k^￢/, in Middle Chinese and lost in Modern Mandarin dialects. In tandem with studies on southeastern Chinese dialects that preserve nissho-on, and learners' use of strategies in learning it, a class material has been developed. L1-Wu Chinese speakers identify a glottal stop-terminating nissho-on (e.g.拍/p^ha/versus派/p^ha/), and L1-Cantonese speakers discriminate between contrastive stop-ending syllables (e.g.八/pa : t^￢/from百/pa : k^￢//). On the other hand, in the Min Chinese spoken in Taiwan three stop-final syllables, /p^￢, t^￢, k^￢/, tend not to be discriminated from each other (e.g.執/tsip^￢/not from職/tsit^￢/) whereas a syllable-final glottal stop is considerably weakened so that it is recognized as distinctive from other stop-final syllables (e.g.踏/ta/from達/tat^￢/). Although the nissho-on problem becomes less prominent as learners acquire proficiency in Japanese, it is still hard for them to identify the correct reading of unfamiliar words. The class material includes a table comparing Japanese on readings with those of Chinese dialects, and is also intended to encourage learners to find out regularities in phonetic changes in Japanese (e.g. as in jikken実験and jitsugen実現).

本研究采用汉语负迁移，以汉语为母语的日语学习者系统地展示了这一点：在阅读包含 nissho-on 的汉日单词时，nissho-on 原本是一个以三个停音辅音之一结尾的音节，/p^￢, t ^￢、k^￢/，在中古汉语中，在现代普通话方言中消失 与保留日正音的东南方言以及学习者在学习中使用的策略的研究相结合。在此基础上，L1-吴语使用者可以识别声门塞音结尾的 nissho-on（例如，beat/p^ha/ 与 school/p^ha/），而 L1-粤语使用者可以区分对比塞音。结尾音节（例如八/pa : t^￢/来自百/pa : k^￢//）另一方面，在台湾闽语中三停韵母。音节 /p^￢、t^￢、k^￢/ 往往不会相互区分（例如士/tsip^￢/不是来自工/tsit^￢/），而音节结尾的声门塞音则相当大削弱，使其被认为与其他停音音节不同（例如步/ta/fromた/tat^￢/）。尽管随着学习者日语的熟练程度，日正音问题变得不那么突出，但他们仍然很难识别不熟悉的单词的正确读法。课堂材料包括一张比较日语和中国方言读法的表格。旨在鼓励学习者找出日语语音变化的规律（例如jikken实验和jitsugen实现）。

项目成果

黒沢晶子「漢字音の音変化-規則性を見つけよう-」山形大学上級日本語教材(2011)

黑泽明子《汉字发音的音变——寻找规律》山形大学高级日语教材（2011年）