寄生植物ストライガのゲノム研究

寄生植物独脚金的基因组研究

• 批准号: 12F02512
• 负责人: 白須 賢
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2012 至 2014
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12F02512/
• 关键词: Striga; Rice; Striga-resistance; Defence signalling; JA-SA interaction; Striga hermonthica; defence response; SA and JA pathways; 植物; 生理学; 病理学; 遺伝子

In Africa, the most economically important constraints to crop production include Striga species i. e., S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, among others, which affect the production of sorghum, millet, maize, sugarcane and cowpea resulting in losses of up to USD 1 billion annually affecting over 100 million farmers. The fundamental strategies to control Striga are to prevent their reproduction, to destroy their soil seed bank and to limit their spread to new uninfested areas. Towards this end, cultivars and wild relatives of several crop species including sorghum, which show resistance to Striga have been identified. In rice, it was found that Nipponbare, a japonica cultivar is resistant against Striga. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are not well understood. In our study, we conducted an in-depth characterization of the roles of SA and JA in rice defence against Striga hermonthica. We found out that jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) defence pathways were i … More nduced in rice roots after infection. Using JA and SA pathway mutants, we found that inhibiting JA biosynthesis resulted in severe Striga susceptibility only recovered by treating plants with JA. On the other hand, SA-deficient rice were resistant against Striga. The resistance phenotype was characterized by a strong induction of the JA defence pathway. In the Striga-infected rice roots, we found that a gene called OsWRKY45 was highly expressed. When we knocked down this gene, the plants were highly susceptible to Striga infection and the susceptibility was recovered by addition of JA. These results highlighted the significance of OsWRKY45 in regulating both the JA and SA defence pathways in resistance against Striga parasitism. These data offer to our knowledge, the first insight into the resistance mechanisms that enable monocots to resist Striga parasitism and have revealed several previously unknown characteristics of defence pathway crosstalk. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the complex JA and SA interactions are necessary to understand the evolution of resistance and the development of successful solutions to parasitic weed problems in agriculture. Less

在非洲，对作物生产最重要的经济限制包括独脚金、黑独脚金和亚洲独脚金等，它们影响高粱、小米、玉米、甘蔗和豇豆的生产，造成高达 10 亿美元的损失。每年影响超过 1 亿农民，控制独脚金的基本策略是防止其繁殖、破坏其土壤种子库并限制其蔓延到新的未受感染地区。已鉴定出对独脚金表现出抗性的多种作物品种和野生近缘种。在水稻中，发现日本晴对独脚金具有抗性，但其抗性的分子机制尚不清楚。在我们的研究中，我们对 SA 和 JA 在水稻防御独脚金中的作用进行了深入的表征，我们发现茉莉酸 (JA) 和感染后，水稻根部诱导了水杨酸 (SA) 防御途径，我们发现，抑制 JA 生物合成会导致独脚金严重易感性，只有用 JA 处理植物才能恢复。缺陷水稻对独脚金具有抗性。抗性表型的特点是强烈诱导 JA 防御途径。在独脚金感染的水稻根中，我们发现了一个名为“独脚金”的基因。 OsWRKY45 高度表达，当我们敲低该基因时，植物对独脚金感染高度敏感，并且通过添加 JA 恢复了敏感性。这些结果强调了 OsWRKY45 在调节独脚金抗性中的 JA 和 SA 防御途径的重要性。据我们所知，这些数据首次洞察了单子叶植物抵抗独脚金寄生的抵抗机制，并揭示了一些以前未知的防御途径串扰特征。复杂的 JA 和 SA 相互作用所涉及的机制对于了解抗性的演变和开发农业寄生杂草问题的成功解决方案是必要的。

项目成果

Striga; physiology, effects and genomics

独脚金;

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: J. Musembi Mutuku;Thomas Spallek;Ken Shirasu
• 通讯作者: Ken Shirasu

Resistance against Striga parasitism involves JA and WRKY45-regulated SA/BTH defence pathwavs.

对独脚金寄生的抵抗涉及 JA 和 WRKY45 调节的 SA/BTH 防御路径。

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Thomas Spallek;Mutuku Musembi;Ken Shirasu;J. Musembi Mutuku
• 通讯作者: J. Musembi Mutuku