Optical mechanism of flower color diversity and the modification by gene transfer

花色多样性的光学机制及基因转移修饰

• 批准号: 16380026
• 负责人: HAYASHI Takahiro
• 金额: $ 8.77万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380026/
• 关键词: petal; visual impression; flower color; spectral reflectance; luster; optics; pigment; striation; ハイライト; 表皮細胞; 構造; 視力; 分光反射; Begonia rex; 金属光沢; 葉; Striation; 遺伝子

The textures of flowers are of important ornamental characteristics. Reflected light from surfaces of petals including colorful bracts and leaves is a key factor for the textures of flowers. Through observing various petals of flowers, results indicate that the reflected light includes two types; one is the superficial reflected light which is determined by the shape of the epidermis cells. More light is reflected by the flat epidermis cells than that by the papillate epidermis cells. Especially, when the angle of incident light was changed, the belt-shaped reflected light was only observed by the microscope in the side of the papillate epidermis cells. The other type of the reflected light is scattering reflected light which is determined by the structure of the petals. The higher pigments content, the more light are absorbed. The intensity and place of the scattering reflected light was determined by the volume and the place of air-space which distribute among of the epidermal cells, palisade cells and spongy cells. The three typical textures of flowers: velvet luster (e.g. Viola tricolor) is determined by the superficial reflected light, metallic luster (e.g. Begonia rex) and diamond dust (e.g. Impatiens sultani) are determined by the scattering reflected light.

花朵的纹理具有重要的观赏特征。来自花瓣表面（包括彩色苞片和叶子）的反射光是花朵纹理的关键因素。通过观察各种花朵的花瓣，结果表明反射光包括两种类型：一种是表面反射光，这是由表皮细胞的形状决定的。扁平表皮细胞比乳头状表皮细胞反射更多的光。特别是，当改变入射光角度时，通过显微镜仅在乳头状表皮细胞侧面观察到带状反射光。另一种类型的反射光是散射反射光，这是由花瓣的结构决定的。色素含量越高，吸收的光就越多。散射反射光的强度和位置由分布在表皮细胞、栅栏细胞和海绵细胞之间的空气空间的体积和位置决定。花朵的三种典型纹理：天鹅绒光泽（例如三色堇菜）由表面反射光决定，金属光泽（例如海棠）和钻石粉末（例如凤仙花）由散射反射光决定。

项目成果

花弁におけるベルベット様光沢の光学的発現機構について

花瓣丝绒光泽的光学表达机制研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: 張 〓ら

A possible optical mechanism of velvet luster developed in petals

花瓣中产生天鹅绒光泽的可能光学机制

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: Y.Zhang et al.

花弁の微細構造と花の観賞性

花瓣的精细结构和花卉的观赏性

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 林 孝洋

Flower Color Diversity and Its Optical Mechanism

花色多样性及其光学机制

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Y.Zhang; T.Hayashi; M.Inoue; Y.Oyama; M.Hosokawa; S.Yazawa
• 通讯作者: S.Yazawa

ベゴニア・レックス(Begonia rex)の葉に生じる金属様光沢とその発現機構

秋海棠叶片金属光泽及其表达机制

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 張 〓ら