The study of the concept of "cultural landscape"-its history and international comparison

“文化景观”概念研究——历史沿革与国际比较

基本信息

批准号：
16360309
负责人：
INABA Nobuko
金额：
$ 8万
依托单位：
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research contributed to the objective of seeking a future direction for the protection systems of cultural landscapes through the international comparative study on the historical background of the formation of the concept of cultural landscapes, based on the different concepts and protection systems of other foreign countries and international communities and on case studies of the actual protection of cultural landscapes.The current concept of cultural landscape has roots in the 19th-century movement for the protection of natural beauty, set against the rapid industrial development and nature-destruction in Europe and North America, and for its subsequent development the nature conservation movement that played a crucial role started after the Second World War. The current concept of the cultural landscape was formed during the new wave of environmental protection movements in the 1980's by reaffirming and merging the concept of landscape that rose from the 19th century's classic … More al concept of nature conservation, and this concept succeeded and developed divided into two lines, forming the cultural heritage and nature conservation fields.The concepts of cultural landscape were introduced into the heritage protection systems of many countries through the World Heritage Convention, but the interpretation of the concepts and the actual operation systems for their protection differ from country to country, reflecting the differences among the cultural backgrounds in each individual case. In particular, as for North American or the Pacific countries the protection systems for cultural landscapes have strong connection to the protection and promotion policies for first nations or minorities, as for European countries the emphasis is laid on the contribution to the policies of economical promotion, in particular for agricultural industries. In general the protection of cultural landscapes is expected in many countries as part of their contribution to land protection policies as well as local economical development policies. Less

本研究基于国内外不同的文化景观概念和保护制度，通过对文化景观概念形成的历史背景进行国际比较研究，为文化景观保护制度的未来寻找方向。当前的文化景观概念源于 19 世纪的自然美保护运动，反对欧洲和北美快速的工业发展和自然破坏，并为其后续发展自然保护这场运动在第二次世界大战后开始，并发挥了至关重要的作用。当前的文化景观概念是在 20 世纪 80 年代新一波的环保运动中通过重申和融合 19 世纪经典景观概念而形成的。自然保护的概念，这一概念的继承和发展分为两条线，形成了文化遗产和自然保护领域。文化景观的概念通过《世界遗产公约》被引入到许多国家的遗产保护体系中，但对其的解释的各国的文化景观保护理念和实际运作制度有所不同，反映了每个国家文化背景的差异，特别是对于北美或太平洋国家来说，文化景观的保护制度与保护有着密切的联系。对原住民或少数民族的促进政策，对于欧洲国家来说，重点是对经济促进政策的贡献，特别是对农业产业的贡献。一般来说，许多国家期望将文化景观保护作为其贡献的一部分。土地保护政策以及地方经济发展政策较少。