Women's human rights and family-related clause

妇女人权及家庭相关条款

• 批准号: 13620029
• 负责人: WAKAO Noriko
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima Prefectural Women's university
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620029/
• 关键词: women's human rights; public; private sphere; Article 24 of the Japanese Constitution; equality of the sexes; family protection clause; violence against women; Weimar Cosntitution; individual dignity; 自己決定; オーストラリア憲法; ジェンダー

This study aims to analyse "women's human rights" in the constitutional history and from this point of view to examine the Article 24 of the Japanese Constitution. The women's movement and the human rights movement propose "women's human rights" since 1990's. And it has come to be stipulated in international documents and domestic administrative papers. But, in the constitutional study, the position of "women's human rights" remains unclear. Therefore this study analyses "women's human rights" as a constitutional issue of a contradiction between "equality of the sexes" and "family-related clause". 'Women's human rights" demands to emancipate women from violence which leis behind the modern type of family.This study made clear following three points. First, in the constitutional history, "equality of the sexes" has contradicted to the family protection clause. The Weimar Constitution adopts both clause regarding the women's suffrage and the family protection. In the background of above two clauses, there existed rivalry between the demand for equality of the sexes in the public sphere and that for women's subordination in the private sphere (in other words the family sphere). It points out by the Weimar Constitution that confrontation between women's rights and family protection is an important constitutional issue.Second, Article 24 is characteristic in settling above confrontation by rejecting family protection. In the process of enactment of laws such as Article 24 and family law, family protection was denied from a point of view to overcome the "rule by men". Third, on the contrary, constitutional theories and precedents interpreted "individual dignity" from a viewpoint of male citizen and gradually shifted towards protection and security of a modern type of family. Article 24 is a family-related clause which denies to enforce the modern type of family.

本研究旨在分析宪法史上的“女性人权”，并以此角度审视日本宪法第24条。 20世纪90年代以来，妇女运动和人权运动提出“妇女人权”。并已在国际文件和国内行政文件中有所规定。但是，在宪法研究中，“妇女人权”的地位仍然不明确。因此本研究将“妇女人权”作为“男女平等”与“家庭条款”矛盾的宪法问题来分析。 “妇女人权”要求将妇女从现代家庭类型背后的暴力中解放出来。本研究明确了以下三点：第一，在宪法史上，“男女平等”与家庭保护条款是相矛盾的。魏玛宪法同时通过了有关妇女选举权和家庭保护的条款。在上述两项条款的背景下，公共领域的男女平等诉求与妇女的诉求之间存在着竞争。魏玛宪法指出，妇女权利与家庭保护之间的对立是一个重要的宪法问题。第二，第24条的特点是通过拒绝家庭保护来解决上述对立。在第24条、家庭法等法律的制定过程中，从克服“男治”的角度否定了家庭保护。第三，相反，宪法理论和判例进行了解释。男性公民的“个人尊严”逐渐转向现代型家庭的保护和安全。第24条是与家庭有关的条款，否认强制推行现代家庭类型。