Semantiac and Pragmatic Study on Copular Sentences

常用句的语义与语用研究

• 批准号: 13610666
• 负责人: NISHIYAMA Yuji
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610666/
• 关键词: copular sentences; predicational sentences; specificational sentences; NP involving a variable; 'Unagi'-sentences; cleft sentences; referential NP; non-referential N; 指示; トートロジー; 指定文; 属性名詞句; 潜伏疑問文; 飽和名詞句; 名詞句の指示性; ウナギ; 属性数量詞構文; 絶対存在文; リス

We have considered various types of copular sentences in English and Japanese. Analysis of copular sentences requires an accurate understanding of the semantic functions each NP performs in a particular position. The notion of NPTV (NP involving a variable) has been proved to be crucial in explaining the characteristics of non-referential NPs which typically appear in specificational sentences.Nishiyama (2003) presents the following findings among others:(1) The ambiguity of the construction 'A wa B ga C (da)' is satisfactorily explained only in terms of the presence or absence of the notion of specification.(2) There are types of predicational sentences with the form 'A wa B da' in which B has the sense of specification incorporated within itself.(3) There is an interconnection between copular sentences and existential sentences in that the referential/non-referential distinction of NPs is essential in classifying their subtypes.Kumamoto (2001, 2003, 2004) applied the notion of NPIV to the analysis of English copular sentences and existential sentences to make the following findings:(4) it-clefts and list-there-sentences have similarity in that the notion of NPIV is involved in both cases : the former specify the value for a variable and the latter assert the existence of possible values.(5) Counterfactual copular sentences on the replacement reading are adequately explained not in terms of the notion of attributive NP but in terms of the notion of NPIV

我们考虑了英语和日语中各种类型的共动句子。共词句的分析需要准确理解每个 NP 在特定位置所执行的语义功能。 NPTV（涉及变量的 NP）概念已被证明对于解释通常出现在指定句子中的非指称 NP 的特征至关重要。Nishiyama (2003) 提出了以下发现：（1）结构“A wa B ga C (da)”只有在存在或不存在指定概念的情况下才能得到令人满意的解释。 (2) 谓语句子有多种类型，其形式为“A” wa B da'，其中 B 具有包含在其自身内的指定含义。(3) 系词句和存在句之间存在相互联系，因为 NP 的指称/非指称区别对于对其子类型进行分类至关重要。Kumamoto (2001 ，2003，2004）将NPIV的概念应用于英语系动词句和存在句的分析，得到以下发现：（4）it-clefts和list-there-sentences 的相似之处在于两种情况都涉及 NPIV 的概念：前者指定变量的值，后者断言可能值的存在。（5）对替换阅读的反事实系动词句子进行了充分解释不是根据归因 NP 的概念，而是根据 NPIV 的概念