REDESIGN AND EVALUATION OF RICE IDEOTYPE

水稻品种的重新设计和评价

• 批准号: 12660015
• 负责人: SAITOH Kuniyuki
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12660015/
• 关键词: Rice (Oriza Sativa L.); Ideotype; Vertical distribution of panicles within canopy; Inclination angle of panicles; Canopy photosynthesis model; High-yielding ability; Light-intercepting characteristics; Simulation; 穂の垂直分部; 穂の傾斜程度; 乾物生産; 個体群光合成速度

The effects of flag leaves and panicles on canopy photosynthesis in a leading cultivar (Nipponbare) and two high-yielding rice cultivars (Takanari and Chugoku 117) bred in Japan were compared. The total dry matter production was in the order of Takanari > Chugoku 117 > Nipponbare. Canopy photosynthesis was highest in Takanari throughout the growth season, and was higher Chugoku 117 than in Nipponbare during the ripening period. The rate of photosynthesis in the flag leaf was in the order of Nipponbare > Takanari > Chugoku 117. The light extinction coefficient of canopy was higher in Takanari than in the others. At the middle ripening stage, canopy photosynthesis increased 35 and 17 % in Nipponbare and Takanari, respectively, by the removal of panicles and decreased 37 and 48 %, respectively, by the removal of flag leaves. In Chugoku 117, canopy photosynthesis was hardly influenced by these treatments. Clearly, the panicles intercept more radiation at the upper layer of the canopy in Nipponbare than in Takanari and flag leaves contribute more to canopy photosynthesis in Takanari than in Nipponbare. However, these effects were small in Chugoku 117. In conclusion, Takanari produces more dry matter than the others due to larger, wider, longer and more erect 1st (flag) and 2nd leaves above the panicles, which intercept more radiation. Chugoku 117 had erect panicles which allowed more radiation to penetrate into the deeper layer of the canopy, resulting in a high dry matter production. The lower panicle height relative to leaf layer and erect panicles are important characteristics for higher yield in rice.

比较了日本培育的一个主导品种（日本晴）和两个高产水稻品种（Takanari 和 Chugoku 117）旗叶和圆锥花序对冠层光合作用的影响。干物质总产量的顺序为高成＞中国117＞日本晴。 Takanari 的冠层光合作用在整个生长季节最高，并且在成熟期比 Nipponbare 的中国 117 更高。旗叶光合作用速率大小为：日本晴>高成>中国117。高成冠层消光系数高于其他品种。在中熟阶段，通过去除圆锥花序，日本晴和高成的冠层光合作用分别增加了 35% 和 17%，而通过去除旗叶则分别降低了 37% 和 48%。在中国 117 中，冠层光合作用几乎不受这些处理的影响。显然，日本晴的圆锥花序在冠层上层拦截的辐射比高成的多，旗叶对高成冠层光合作用的贡献也比日本晴的多。然而，这些影响在中国 117 中很小。总之，高成比其他品种产生更多的干物质，因为圆锥花序上方的第一片（旗形）和第二片叶子更大、更宽、更长、更直立，拦截了更多的辐射。中国117具有直立的圆锥花序，这使得更多的辐射能够渗透到树冠的更深层，从而导致高干物质产量。相对于叶层较低的穗高和直立的穗是水稻高产的重要特征。