A study on rural societies in dry zone, Upper Burma

上缅甸干旱地区农村社会研究

• 批准号: 11691171
• 负责人: MIZUTANI Masakazu
• 金额: $ 6.53万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691171/
• 关键词: Irrigation system; Social norm; Socio-economy in rural village; Traditional cultivation method; Custamary work; Material flow; Rural planning; Irrigation technology; 灌漑技術

Field investigation has been carried out in two rural village-tracts, Chinywa and Kyardwin, Myittha Township, Mandaley Division, Myanmar in 1999 and 2000, Research meeting has been also conducted four times in Japan. A workshop and a seminar to discuss research results have been held in Japan and Myanmar, in March 1999 and November 2000, respectively. The brief results obtained by the research are summarized as follows :1. Due to less amount of precipitation irrigation activities have been practiced in Upper Burma for more than five hundreds years, by which sustainable cropping systems have been established in the past time. The effects of Kinda Dam, a newly constructed reservoir in the Panlaung river, on crop production and villagers' life have been evaluated, and it was proved that villagers' living standards have been improved in Kyardwin village because of increase in irrigated area, changes in cropping pattern and introduction of new crop varieties. However, in Chinywa village-tra … More ct, the changes in farming activities was relatively slow compared with Kyardwin village because of unstable irrigation water supply2. Material flow of agricultural products and by products has been investigated in the village-tracts. It was seen that total amount of materials flowing in village as well as inter-village was enlarged after completion of new reservoir construction.3. The relationship among the family members of farming household was investigated in Chinywa village-tract and it was observed that the independence of households was supported by parents through judgment of economic condition of sons and daughters.4. The socio-economic changes in Chinywa village-tract after intrusion of market economy since 1988 was investigated, and it was found that those who hold lands and money to buy more lands were extending farming size, investing in agricultural implements and thus attained much harvests and income. Some villagers engaged in brokerage or other commercial activities succeeded in increasing their income. However, farmers with small scale farming land were in a precarious position, easily lose their lands in case of poor harvest or price falling. Though there was abundant labor demand in the rural village, life of agricultural laborers was unstable because of the seasonal fluctuation of labor demand and lack of fixed employment. Less

1999年和2000年对缅甸曼德勒省米塔镇Chinywa和Kyardwin两个乡村进行了实地调查，并在日本召开了四次研究会议和研讨会讨论研究成果。分别于 1999 年 3 月和 2000 年 11 月在日本和缅甸举行，研究取得的简要结果总结如下： 1．缅甸北部地区已有五百年的历史，过去建立了可持续的耕作系统。对班朗河上新建的水库金达大坝对农作物生产和村民生活的影响进行了评估。事实证明，由于灌溉面积的增加、种植模式的改变和新作物品种的引进，Kyardwin村村民的生活水平得到了提高，但在Chinywa村，农业活动的变化却很大。相对较慢由于灌溉供水不稳定，对 Kyardwin 村的农产品和副产品的物质流动进行了调查，发现新项目建成后，村内以及村间的物质流动总量有所增加。 3．对Chinywa村的家庭成员关系进行调查，通过对子女经济状况的判断，发现农民家庭对家庭独立性的支持程度较高。4． Chinywa村落的变化对1988年以来市场经济的侵入进行调查发现，那些拥有土地并有钱购买更多土地的人正在扩大农业规模，投资农具，从而获得大量的收成和收入，一些村民从事经纪或其他商业活动。虽然农村劳动力需求充足，但耕地规模较小的农民处境不稳定，一旦歉收或物价下跌，很容易失去土地。因为季节性劳动力需求的波动和固定就业的缺乏。