Establishment of research methodology for rhizosphere ecology

根际生态学研究方法论的建立

• 批准号: 11660065
• 负责人: SAKURAI Katsutoshi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: KOCHI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660065/
• 关键词: RHIZOSPHERE ECOLOGY; INTERGRADE CLAY MINERALS; HEAVY METALS; BORON; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ORGANIC ACID; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MYCORRHIZA; SIBA-GRASS LAND; 根圏; 生態系; セレン

The research methodology for rhizosphere ecology was investigated by various aspects ;1) Using the rhizobox system, effectiveness of the commercial fertilizer containing endomycorrhiza was evaluated in terms of nutrient intake of sunflower. Mycorrhizal infection caused an increase in phosphorus absorption together with Fe. This phenomenon could be interpreted as the dissolution of Fe-P compounds, which is hardly dissolved in soils. Several phosphatases excreted by plant roots or mycorrhiza would have promoted it.2) Methyl bromide will be forbidden to use as soil fumigation in 2005, which is a quite important chemical in Kochi. We try to evaluate the effectiveness of steam fumigation as an alternative method that does not cause any detrimental effect chemically. We found that the steam fumigation method did not affect the biodiversity of microorganisms. However the dissolution of manganese seemed to make a damage to the plants.3) The content of boron as a beneficial microelement in soil … More s was determined using several types of agricultural soils in Kochi. Total boron content is within a common level found in Japan. However, available boron in soils was in a deficient level. The former is hardly released into the environment, on the other hand, the latter will be easily flew down to the environment when applied as a fertilizer. We need to pay attention to the application of fertilizer including boron.4) At the reclaimed grass land, species sosiba japonica can cover the soil surface after 10 years. At this timing, a hard pan layer is being formed, but the soil structure is not well developed. Further 10 years made the good soil structure (granular) which caused a significant improvement in water drainage as well as water holding property. The abundance and diversity of soil microorganisms and also low molecular weight organic acids fluctuated greatly in response to the soil moisture content. In conclusion, at more than 20 years after reclamation of forest land, sosiba grass land can be considered as an excellent ecosystem equivalent to the forests in terms of water and nutrient dynamics in soil environment. Conservation of water in the hilly region, therefore, could be achieved by means of the formation of good sosiba grass land. We could recommend to establish a sosiba grass land when the paddy field in a small scale on the sloping land in the mountainous region can not be maintained any more.Rhizosphere ecosystem could be considered as a well organized or integrated natural system comparable to the whole plant ecosystem, not as a part of ecosystem. We still need further investigation sticking to rhizosphere. Less

从各个方面对根际生态学的研究方法进行了研究；1）使用根际盒系统，根据向日葵的养分摄入来评估含有内生菌根的商品肥料的有效性。这种现象引起了磷吸收的增加。可以解释为铁磷化合物的溶解，而铁磷化合物在土壤中几乎不溶解，植物根部或菌根分泌的几种磷酸酶会促进它。2) 2005年将禁止使用溴甲烷作为土壤熏蒸剂，这是高知县非常重要的化学物质。我们尝试评估蒸汽熏蒸作为不会造成任何化学不良影响的替代方法的有效性。该方法不会影响微生物的生物多样性，但锰的溶解似乎会对植物造成损害。3）土壤中硼作为有益微量元素的含量为使用高知县的几种农业土壤测定的结果显示，总硼含量处于日本的普遍水平，但前者几乎不释放到环境中。作为肥料施用时，很容易飞散到环境中，需要注意施用含硼肥料。4）在开垦的草地上，10年后，大豆​​品种即可覆盖土壤表面。 ，一个硬盘层正在形成，但土壤结构尚未发育良好，进一步的10年形成了良好的土壤结构（粒状），这导致排水性和持水性以及土壤微生物的丰度和多样性显着改善。综上所述，林地开垦20多年来，索斯巴草地的水分和养分动态可以说是与森林相当的优良生态系统。在土壤中因此，在丘陵地区，可以通过形成良好的索斯巴草地来实现水源保护，在山区坡地进行小规模水田建设时，可以建议建立索斯巴草地。根际生态系统可以被认为是一个组织良好或完整的自然系统，可以与整个植物生态系统相比较，而不是作为生态系统的一部分，我们仍然需要对根际进行进一步的研究。

项目成果

Iwasaki, K.and Matsumura, A.: "Effect of silicon on alleviation of manganese toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa)."Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.. 45(4). 909-920 (1999)

Iwasaki, K. 和 Matsumura, A.：“硅对减轻南瓜 (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa) 中锰毒性的影响。”土壤科学。

Sakurai, K., Watanabe, E., Junthotai, K., Tulaphitak, T., Narekul, T., Sampapol, R.and Tanpibal, V.: "Establishment of agro-forestry system to prevent from soil erosion and further degradation of salt affected paddy field in northeast Thailand."Proc. 2nd.

Sakurai, K.、Watanabe, E.、Junthotai, K.、Tulaphitak, T.、Narekul, T.、Sampapol, R.和 Tanpibal, V.：“建立农林业系统以防止土壤侵蚀和进一步退化

Iwasaki, K., Frcht, M., Maier, P.and Horst W.J.: "Can leaf apoplastic manganese and silicon concentrations explain Si-enhanced manganese tolerance of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.? In : Plant nutrition : Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems

Iwasaki, K.、Frcht, M.、Maier, P. 和 Horst W.J.：“叶质外体锰和硅浓度能否解释豇豆 (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) 对硅增强的锰耐受性？”：植物营养：食品安全和

Saha,U.K.,Taniguchi,S.and Sakurai,K.: "Interlayering in vermiculite and montmorillonite by hydroxyaluminium and effect on K-Ca cation exchange selectivity"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 47(未定)(印刷中). (2001)

Saha, U.K.、Taniguchi, S. 和 Sakurai, K.：“羟基铝在蛭石和蒙脱土中的夹层及其对 K-Ca 阳离子交换选择性的影响”《土壤科学与植物营养》47（待定）（出版中）。 2001）

Saha,U.K.,Taniguchi,S.and Sakurai,K.: "Adsorption behavior of cadmium, zinc, and lead on hydroxyaluminum- and hydroxyaluminosilicate-montmorillonite complexes."Soil Science Society of American Journal. 65・3(未定). (2001)

Saha, U.K.、Taniguchi, S. 和 Sakurai, K.：“镉、锌和铅在羟基铝和羟基铝硅酸盐-蒙脱石复合物上的吸附行为。美国土壤科学学会杂志 65·3 (TBD)。” ）