Research on the Cognitive Process of second language vocabulary learning and its application to machine translation

第二语言词汇学习认知过程及其在机器翻译中的应用研究

• 批准号: 07680411
• 负责人: FURUKAWA Koichi
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07680411/
• 关键词: Language acquisition; Learning foreign languages; Machine translation; Machine learning; Cognitive phycology experiments; Vocabulary learning; 意味構造のタイポロジー; 移動動詞; 外国語語彙学習; 認知言語学; マルチメディア実験システム

We irrvestigated the causes for difficuties adult learners face in learning a second language, with a special focus on Japanese speakers learning English as the second language. Specifically, we suspected that one of the reasons for the difficulty in learning a second language is due to the difference in lexicalzation structures between the learner's narive language and the target second language he/she is learning We tested this hypothesis empirically focusing on the two semantic domains : (1) a domain of lexicalizing motions, and (2) the domain of lexicalizing superordinate concepts with respect to individuation. Through a series of experiments, we found that, in both domains, Japanese speakers assumed novel English words as equivalents of the corresponding Japanese words, and learning of the full meanings of the target English words were hindered by this assumption.The basic research for implementing the high quality machine translation has been conducted. A large scale association … More experiment was implemented to collect gene ralized concepts, specific ones, similar ones, attribute ones, related action concepts and related situation ones from Japanese basic nouns which are extracted from elementary school text books. The concepts are organized into hierarchical structures to be an electronic concept dictionary. In general, contextual information is necessary for high quality machine translation. The dictionary will provide such crucial information from the related action concepts or the related situation concepts in the electronic concept dictionary.As for computer simulation of human vocaburary learning mechanism, we tried to formulate it by Inductive Logic Programming with abduction (abductive ILP). Abductive ILP is different from standard ILP in a sense that it rather suggests to augment background knowledge than to infer rules to explain given examples. By using this function, the system can guess, for example, a missing grammatical category for certain words in a given sentence when it cannot be parsed correctly due to the lacking information. In our research, we developed a complete procedure to find the missing a single rule or fact if there exist. Less

我们调查了成人学习者在学习第二语言时面临的困难的原因，特别关注学习英语作为第二语言的日本人。具体来说，我们怀疑学习第二语言困难的原因之一是由于学习者的原生语言和他/她正在学习的目标第二语言之间词汇化结构的差异我们通过实证检验了这一假设，重点关注两个语义领域：（1）词汇化运动领域，以及（2）词汇化运动领域通过一系列实验，我们发现，在这两个领域中，日语使用者都将新的英语单词视为对应日语单词的等同物，从而阻碍了目标英语单词的完整含义的学习。为了实现高质量的机器翻译，我们进行了大规模的关联实验，以收集广义概念、特定概念、相似概念、属性概念、相关动作概念和相关情境概念。日语基本名词是从小学课本中提取的概念被组织成分层结构，形成电子概念词典。一般来说，上下文信息对于高质量的机器翻译是必要的，词典将从相关的动作概念或相关的情况中提供此类关键信息。至于人类词汇学习机制的计算机模拟，我们尝试通过溯因推理逻辑编程（溯因ILP）来制定它，溯因ILP与标准ILP不同，因为它更建议增强背景。知识比推断规则来解释给定的示例。例如，当由于缺乏信息而无法正确解析给定句子中的某些单词时，系统可以猜测该单词缺少的语法类别。查找缺失的单个规则或事实（如果存在）的完整过程。

项目成果

Lmai, M.: "Influence of the count-mass syntax on the construals of Superordinate Concepts" Cognition. 60. 269-298 (1996)

Lmai, M.：“计数质量语法对高级概念解释的影响”认知。

今井 むつみ: "ことばの学習のパラドックス(認知科学モノグラフシリーズ)" 共立出版, 227 (1997)

今井睦美：《语言学习的悖论（认知科学专着系列）》共立书刊，227（1997）

Muehleisen, V & Imai, M: "Transitivity and incorporation of Ground information in Japanese Path verbs." International Cognitive Linguistics Association. (1995)

穆莱森，V

Wisniewski.,Imai,M.& Casey,L.: "On the equivalence of superordinate concepts" Cognition. 60. 269-298 (1996)

维斯涅夫斯基.,今井,M.

Imai, M. & Gentner. D.: "A crosslinguistic study on constraints on early word meaning : Linguistic influence VS. univeral ontology" Cognition. (1996)

今井，M.