Data-base construction of Safe Water and Sanitation and Water-related Risk evaluation for Asian Developing Regions

亚洲发展中地区安全用水和环境卫生及水相关风险评估数据库建设

• 批准号: 18404002
• 负责人: HARADA Hideki
• 金额: $ 9.73万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18404002/
• 关键词: Safe Water; Sanitation; Appropriate Sewage Treatment; Water-related Risk; Developing Countries; インド; 下水処理の実態調査; YAP; 費用対効果; UASB; DHS

This project aimed 1) to reveal the present situation of water utilization behaviors and sanitation, 2) to make risk assessment related to improper water utilization, and 3) to evaluate water economics in Asian developing countries. For the purpose above-mentioned, Field survey studies were conducted in some Asian countries, and the following findings were obtained mainly. Due to the worldwide consecutive strive and endeavors for the last twenty years, two billion and 1.5 billion of people lately becomes accessible to safe water and sanitation, respectively. However, the fruit of the struggle was just compensated for by the population increment during the two decades, resulting into another 1.1 billion and 2.4 billion people in turn become to fall into no accessibility to safe water and sanitation, respectively.Risk assessment of Nepal revealed that the poorer people are suffering the higher water risk. In case of allowable infectious risk of 1/10,000, removal efficiency is required 2-3 log, 1-2 log and 3-4 log for Salmonella, cholera, and dysentery, respectively. Increment of removal efficiency by 1 log enables the infectious risk to decrease 1/10. Water economics analysis suggests that there is a significant gap in illness liability burden between household with and without tap-water service. Furthermore, it is reasonable and economically feasible to charge the water-service cost to the low-income if they have the willing to pay, and it is necessary to set up the tap-water tariff from the viewpoint of demand continence.

该项目的目的是1）揭示当前的用水行为和卫生状况，2）进行与不当用水有关的风险评估，以及3）评估亚洲发展中国家水经济学。出于上述目的，在某些亚洲国家进行了现场调查研究，并主要获得以下发现。由于过去二十年来全球范围内的努力和努力，最近有20亿和15亿人可以被安全的水和卫生设施访问。但是，在二十年中，人口增加了斗争的果实，导致另外11亿和24亿人又分别陷入了对安全水和卫生的无障碍，尼泊尔的风险评估揭示了穷人遭受更高的水风险。如果有1/10,000的允许感染风险，则需要2-3 log，1-2 log和3-4 log沙门氏菌，霍乱和痢疾。通过1 log的去除效率的增加使感染风险减少1/10。水经济学分析表明，拥有和不使用水龙水服务的家庭之间的疾病责任负担很大。此外，如果他们愿意付款，则将水 - 服务费用为低收入费用是合理且在经济上是可行的，并且有必要从需求不断的观点设置Tap-Water关税。

项目成果

Performance comparison of a pilot-scale UASB and DHS system and activated sludge process fro the treatment of municipal waste

中试规模的 UASB 和 DHS 系统以及活性污泥法处理城市垃圾的性能比较

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Water Research 41
• 作者: Tanabe;K.;Y. Shigeta;T. Sasaki and H. Hirano(eds);Madan Tandukar
• 通讯作者: Madan Tandukar

Prospects for a self-sustainable sewage treatment system: A case study on full-scale UASB system in India's Yamuna River Basi

自可持续污水处理系统的前景：印度亚穆纳河盆地全规模 UASB 系统案例研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Journal of Environmental Management 80
• 作者: Nobuyuki Sato;Tsutomu Okubo;Takashi Onodera;Akiyoshi Ohashi and Hideki Harada
• 通讯作者: Akiyoshi Ohashi and Hideki Harada