Famine of 1921-22 and the Volga Germans

1921-22 年饥荒和伏尔加德国人

基本信息

批准号：
17530274
负责人：
SUZUKI Takeo
金额：
$ 1.36万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530274/
关键词：
Volga Germans Famine Escape to another countries 大飢饉

项目摘要

1.【 Causes of famine】 Famine of 1921-22 in the land of the Volga was caused not only by very terrible droughts, but also by the anti-German consciousness and behavior of Russian people in the World War I, the strict requisition of provisions by the Red Army and the White Army during the Civil War after the socialistic Revolution of October, 1917, lack of appropriate policies and a good transportation and so on. Therefore, this famine was not a mere natural disaster, but had a side of an artificial disaster also. This point of view is very important2.【Actual situation of famine】 Resistance and uprisings of German peasants against the strict requisition of provisions resulted in a tragic end, and a terrible hunger attacked them. In the villages many persons starved to death. Volga Germans wrote letters to their relatives and acquaintances in Germany and America in which they informed of distress of famine and asked for help. Refuges and evacuees increased. The relief came from another regions in Russia, but more important role played the relief(supply of food and money, providing meals in villages, medical service and so on) from German, American and other organizations and individuals. Famine ended in 1923, but new famine attacked the Volga Germans in 1924 again. Such research about the actual situation of famine is not found in the past.3.【Escape to another countries】 From famine escaped many Germans to another countries, especially to Germany, some of whom died on the way. People who could continue luckily to travel came to Minsk, a city near the German-Polish border, but, though only a few persons of them could cross legally, many persons had to cross illegally the border, some of whom were found, shut to death or rested and deported to Russia. Such research about the escape of the Volga Germans to another countries is not found in the past.

1.【饥荒的原因】1921-22年伏尔加河地区的饥荒不仅是由于非常严重的干旱造成的，而且还与俄罗斯人民在第一次世界大战中的反德意识和行为、对俄罗斯的严格征用有关。 1917年十月社会主义革命后的内战期间，红军和白军的供给不足，缺乏适当的政策和良好的交通等等，因此，这次饥荒不仅仅是自然灾害，而是。这个观点也有人为灾难的一面。 2.【饥荒的实际情况】德国农民反对严格征粮的反抗和起义导致了悲惨的结局，可怕的饥饿袭击了他们。伏尔加河沿岸的德国人给他们在德国和美国的亲戚和熟人写信，通报饥荒的情况，并请求来自其他地区的难民和撤离者的帮助。俄罗斯发挥了更重要的作用，但德国、美国等组织和个人的救济（供应食物和金钱，在村庄提供膳食，医疗服务等）在1923年结束，但新的饥荒袭击了伏尔加德国人。又是1924年。这样的关于饥荒实际情况的研究在过去是没有的。3.【逃往他国】许多德国人因饥荒逃往他国，特别是逃往德国，其中一些人死在途中。继续幸运的是，旅行来到了明斯克，一个靠近德波边境的城市，但是，虽然只有少数人可以合法越境，但许多人不得不非法越境，其中一些人被发现，被关死或休息，过去没有发现过关于伏尔加德国人逃往其他国家的研究。