Language Change and Complex Adaptive System - Based on the Historical Data in English and Networks

语言变迁与复杂适应系统——基于英语和网络的历史数据

基本信息

批准号：
17520337
负责人：
OGURA Mieko
金额：
$ 2.25万
依托单位：
Tsurumi Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520337/
关键词：
language change linguistic selection language game polysemy social network small-world network complex adaptive system word frequency 言語拡散過程ネットワーク

项目摘要

1. Language Change and Social NetworksIn Ogura & Wang, Dynamic Dialectology and Complex Adaptive System, Methods and Data in English Historical Dialectology (ed. by Dossena & Lass, Peter Lang, 2004), I synthesized linguistic selection, i.e., unconscious functional selection between available variants by learners, and language games, i.e., language spread by cooperation in interactions of individuals in the complex adaptive system of dynamic dialectology. In this study, I further Ogura & Wang (2004) and investigate how different structures of social networks, especially small-world networks and scale-free networks, affect the linguistic type of change and the game type of change, based on simulation and historical data from English. Our historical data constitute empirical basis for theories, and computer simulations allow us to create scenarios in which a large number of entities interact in an observable way.2. Evolution of the Small-world Networks of the LexiconIn this study I demons … More trate that polysemous links have a profound impact in the organization of the semantic graph, conforming it as a small-world network, based on the data from WordNet (version 2.0) and A Thesaurus of Old English (TOE) (J. Roberts, et. al., 1995). First I compile the database of 114648 nouns and 11306 verbs of Word Net and 18265 nouns and 7161 verbs in TOE, including the information of monosemy, polysemy, synonymy, word frequency, hypernymy, date of origin and date of retention.Then I show that the inclusion of polysemy decreases the average minimal length and produces a considerable number of words with high connectivity and clustering, creating a clustered short-range, i.e., small-world network.Furthermore I show that the higher frequency words construct the higher level of the hypernymy tree within each lexical category. This architecture is robust through the times, forming the basis of the small-world network.To the best of my knowledge, the investigations under 1 and 2 are the first attempts to connect the recently developed network theory to a large-scale English historical data, and they gave much impact at the International Conferences. Less

1. 语言变化和社交网络在 Ogura & Wang, Dynamic Dialectology and Complex Adaptive System, Methods and Data in English Historical Dialectology (ed. by Dossena & Lass, Peter Lang, 2004) 中，我综合了语言选择，即无意识的功能选择在这项研究中，我进一步研究了学习者可用的变体和语言游戏，即通过个体互动中的合作来传播语言。 Ogura & Wang (2004) 并根据英语历史的模拟和历史数据，研究了社交网络的不同结构，特别是小世界网络和无标度网络，如何影响语言类型的变化和游戏类型的变化。数据构成了理论的经验基础，计算机模拟使我们能够创建大量实体以可观察的方式相互作用的场景。2. 词典小世界网络的演变在这项研究中，我证明了多义链接。有对语义图的组织产生了深远的影响，基于 WordNet（2.0 版）和古英语同义词库 (TOE) 的数据，使其符合小世界网络的要求（J. Roberts 等人，1995 年）首先我编译了Word Net的114648个名词和11306个动词以及Word Net中的18265个名词和7161个动词的数据库。 TOE，包括单义、多义、同义词、词频、上位词、起源日期和保留日期的信息。然后我表明，多义的包含减少了平均最小长度，并产生了相当数量的具有高连通性和聚类性的单词，创建一个集群短程网络，即小世界网络。此外，我还表明，高频词在每个词汇类别内构建了更高级别的上位树。据我所知，1和2的研究是将最近发展的网络理论与大规模的英语历史数据联系起来的首次尝试，产生了很大的影响国际会议较少。