Lexical Diffusion and Biological Evolution -Based on the Historical Change of English

词汇扩散与生物进化——基于英语的历史变迁

基本信息

批准号：
11610512
负责人：
OGURA Mieko
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Tsurumi University, Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

I investigated the parallels in the mechanism of lexical diffusion and biological evolution from the perspective of brain-language coevolution.(1) Lexical changeI have shown, based on the data from Thesaurus of Old English (1995) and Roget's International Thesaurus (1995), that lexical change occurs through competition and selection among near-synonyms within semantic fields. Furthermore, I have explained that lexical change is a response to cognitive selectional constraints operating on brain-language coevolution in symbolic communication. I have also tried to design a dynamic system where words may be added, transmitted and deleted by the neural network.(2) Word order changeI have claimed, based on the O(bject)V(erb) and VO with a postnominal relative clause in late Old English, that the interaction between the evolution of relative clauses and perceptual factors caused by center-embeddings actuated the change from OV to VO.I have shown that the mnemonic and attentional threshold tends to prevent the particular sets of combinatorial and sequential calculations. Furthermore, I have tried to demonstrate that center-embeddings directly affect the learnability of a language based on the connectionist simulations.(3) Evolution of vowel systemUsing Genetic Algorithm, I have simulated the adaptive process of vowel system evolution from random states to optimal states, based on fitness functions in terms of perceptual contrast and ease of production. The simulation shows not only the emergence of the vowel systems, but also the competition of variant forms in the speech community, e.g., the variation of the low vowels in Old English and Middle English.

我从大脑-语言协同进化的角度研究了词汇扩散和生物进化机制的相似之处。（1）词汇变化我根据古英语辞典（1995）和罗杰国际辞典（1995）的数据表明，词汇的变化是通过语义领域内近义词之间的竞争和选择而发生的。此外，我还解释了词汇变化是对符号交流中大脑语言共同进化的认知选择约束的反应。我还尝试设计一个动态系统，其中单词可以通过神经网络添加、传输和删除。（2）词序变化我声称，基于 O(bject)V(erb) 和 VO 以及后置关系从句在晚期古英语中，关系从句的演变与中心嵌入引起的感知因素之间的相互作用促进了从 OV 到 VO 的变化。我已经表明，助记和注意阈值倾向于阻止特定的组组合和顺序计算。此外，我试图基于联结模拟证明中心嵌入直接影响语言的可学习性。（3）元音系统的演化利用遗传算法，我模拟了元音系统从随机状态到最优状态演化的自适应过程。，基于感知对比和易于制作方面的适应度函数。模拟不仅显示了元音系统的出现，还显示了语音社区中变体形式的竞争，例如古英语和中古英语中低元音的变化。