On the Rockefeller Foundation's purpose in funding the cyclotron development in1930s

论洛克菲勒基金会20世纪30年代资助回旋加速器发展的目的

基本信息

批准号：
17500684
负责人：
HINOKAWA Shizue
金额：
$ 2.21万
依托单位：
Takushoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17500684/
关键词：
Rockefeller Foundation Cyclotron Radioactive tracer Experimental biology Nuclear physics Warren Weaver Atomic bomb in America History of science and technology in 1930s ニールス・ボーア 1930年代コペンハーゲン 1930年代加速器カリフォルニア大学放射線研究 Ernest O.Lawre

项目摘要

In the 1930s, the Rockefeller Foundation awarded grants for cyclotron development not only to the University of California at Berkeley, but also to researchers in France, Denmark, and other parts of Europe. This study aims to clarify the Foundation's objectives in providing such support. Research done over the past 3 years has revealed the following :1.The Rockefeller Foundation gave financial support for cyclotron development in accordance with its own scientific research policy. Starting in 1933, Warren Weaver, Director of the Foundation's Division of Natural Sciences, began promoting the advancement of experimental biology. Experimental biology was defined as "the application of experimental procedures to the study of the organization and reactions of living matter." Weaver was concerned about "how to bring the discipline of chemistry and physics more effectively into biology." The use of radio active indicators (the radioactive tracer method) was considered to be one promising rese … More arch method, and in this connection the cyclotron was spotlighted as a means to produce a wide variety of artificial radioactive isotopes. It was against this backdrop that the Rockefeller Foundation provided support for cyclotron development in the 1930s.2.The Rockefeller Foundation provided support only on the basis of its own policies. As can be seen in the case of Harvard University, where the Foundation refused support for the development of a cyclotron for nuclear research. In the spring of 1940, however, it awarded a grant of over $1, 000, 000 to Berkeley's project to build a 184-inch cyclotron for the production of mesotrons, which were at the forefront of research on the composition of matter. The Rockefeller Foundation was deeply involved in this big project from the planning stage and provided a grant to get it started. Berkeley's enormous 184-inch electromagnet was incorporated into the United States' atomic bomb development program and used to develop a method of producing the material for the uranium bomb. Less

在1930年代，洛克菲勒基金会（Rockefeller Foundation）不仅向加利福尼亚大学的伯克利分校（University of Berkeley）授予了回旋发展的赠款，还向法国，丹麦和欧洲其他地区的研究人员授予了赠款。这项研究旨在阐明基金会提供此类支持的目标。在过去的三年中所做的研究揭示了以下内容：1。洛克菲勒基金会根据其自己的科学研究政策为回旋发展提供了财政支持。从1933年开始，基金会自然科学系主任沃伦·韦弗（Warren Weaver）开始促进实验生物学的发展。实验生物学被定义为“实验程序在组织的研究和生活问题的反应中的应用”。韦弗（Weaver）担心“如何将化学和物理学学科更有效地带入生物学”。放射性指示器（放射性示踪剂方法）被认为是一种承诺的rese……更多的ARCH方法，并且在这方面，Cyclotron被视为产生多种人工放射性同位素的一种手段。正是在这种背景下，洛克菲勒基金会（Rockefeller Foundation）在1930年为回旋发展发展提供了支持。2。洛克菲勒基金会仅根据自己的政策提供了支持。从哈佛大学的案例中可以看出，基金会拒绝支持开发核研究的汽车。然而，在1940年的春季，它授予了伯克利的项目，授予了超过1,000,000美元的赠款，以建造一个184英寸的回旋子来生产中间人，这是关于物质组成的研究的最前沿。洛克菲勒基金会（Rockefeller Foundation）从计划阶段开始参与了这个大项目，并提供了一笔赠款来开始。伯克利巨大的184英寸电子磁铁被纳入了美国的原子弹开发计划中，并用于开发一种生产铀炸弹材料的方法。较少的