A Study of Snow Induced Landslide Behavior And Its Observation System

雪致滑坡行为及其观测系统研究

基本信息

批准号：
05558052
负责人：
ITO Takeshi
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Akita National College of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05558052/
关键词：
Landslide disasters Analysis of potential landslides Water quality of melting snow Telemetalling system Remote sencing Mechanical properties of greentuff 融雪地すべり粘土の挙動地すべり危険度テレメタリング水質分析危険度分析

项目摘要

Most of landslide disasters in the snowy regions are considered to be caused by deposited snow, and greentuff geological environment of composite clastic rocks and bentonic soft clays. However, detailed behavior of snow induced landslides, mechanical properties of clastic greentuff are unknown, and still remain to be studied to develop observation system of landslides especially in the snowy seasons.The main objective of our present research project for a period of two years from 1993 to 1994 is to study above mentioned points. The results obtained in the research project are summarized as follows.(1) According to the collected records on landslides, huge landslides tend to take place at the late spring because of melting snow and accompanying softened soils.(2) Soil sampling in the landslide areas in the heavy snowfall regions and laboratory tests of landslide soils were performed, and a constitutive equation for swelling behavior was found, and it was fit for swelling phenomena for all bentonic soils.(3) From testing results, many effective relationships among the mechanical properties of greentuff soils were obtained, for example, high relationship between residual shear strength and residual angle of internal friction, besides a special relationship between the shear strengths and normal stresses by water contents were found, i.e., Coulomb's law for failure mechanism was not fit for the samples whose water content higher than 35%.(4) To review the risk degrees of each potential landslides which were pointed out by local government in 1991, principal component analysis method was applied, and new potential landslide maps were thus made for Akita, Yamagata, and Miyagi ptrefectures.These are very useful to prevent and control landslide disasters.(5) Automatic observation system for snow weather situations was set up at the top of landslide area, and effective results were obtained to make clear the behavior of snow induced landslides.

雪区滑坡灾害大多是由积雪、复合碎屑岩和膨润软粘土的青凝灰质地质环境造成的。然而，雪引起的滑坡的详细行为、碎屑绿凝灰岩的力学特性尚不清楚，仍然有待研究以开发滑坡观测系统，特别是在雪季。我们目前的研究项目的主要目标是从1993年至1994年就是对上述几点进行研究。本研究项目取得的成果概括如下：(1)根据收集到的滑坡记录，由于积雪融化和土壤软化，大型滑坡往往发生在晚春。(2)滑坡土壤采样对大雪地区和滑坡土进行了室内试验，建立了膨胀行为本构方程，该方程适用于所有膨润土的膨胀现象。（3）从试验结果来看，许多有效关系式获得了绿凝灰土的力学特性之间的关系，例如，残余剪切强度和残余内摩擦角之间存在高度关系，此外还发现了剪切强度和法向应力与含水量之间的特殊关系，即破坏机制的库仑定律(4)针对1991年当地政府提出的各潜在滑坡的危险度进行了回顾,采用主成分分析法,提出了新的潜在滑坡危险度。制作了秋田县、山形县、宫城县的滑坡图，对于防治滑坡灾害非常有用。（5）在滑坡区顶部建立了雪情情况自动观测系统，取得了有效的效果。明确雪引起山体滑坡的行为。