Evaluation of genetic resource for cultivar and genus differences in grain filling capacity under high temperature conditions in rice and wheat

水稻、小麦高温灌浆能力品种属差异遗传资源评价

基本信息

批准号：
16380017
负责人：
KOBATA Tohru
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Objectives of the project were to clear responses of the grain filling to higher temperature and know mechanisms of the grain filling reduction, and evaluate the cultivar and genus differences to seek genetic resource for high temperature resistant cultivars in rice and wheat. Temperature and tropical zone rice cultivars were grown in paddy filed and suffered from two different higher temperatures than ambient condition in ventilated air plastic covered houses of different length. Fertility response to high temperature differed between cultivars but the relationship between temperature and grain filling rate of two cultivars was similar. Sowing time for spring wheat was changed from early to late times in the field of Perth, Australia and the plants suffered from different temperature during the grain filling period. Under higher temperature conditions grain filling period shortened and yield reduced. The grain number decreased after anthesis and thus the potential yield changed. However a response of the grain filling among different sowing plants was similar. When ear in rice and wheat was cultivated in solution culture system under different temperatures, the most highest rate of grain filling was around 30℃ in rice and 15℃ in wheat. Sucrose synthase activity decreased and ct-amylase activity increased with an increase of temperature in wheat and when assimilate supply during the grain filling period by thinning treatments increased some enzyme activity increased. Our results suggest that grain filling response to high temperature in rice and wheat is similar although temperature range for the optimum growth differed and assimilate supply affects grain filling activity. Cultivar difference in grain filling under higher temperature conditions seems to be small in rice and wheat. Further research should be continued to overcome the impact of high temperature on the grain filling under the future climate change.

该项目的目标是明确籽粒灌浆对高温的响应，了解籽粒灌浆降低的机制，评价品种和属的差异，寻找耐高温水稻和小麦品种的遗传资源。各品种在稻田中生长，并在不同长度的通风塑料大棚中遭受两种不同的高于环境的温度，各品种对高温的肥力反应不同，但两种温度与籽粒灌浆率之间的关系。澳大利亚珀斯田间春小麦播种时间由早到晚，灌浆期温度不同，灌浆期缩短，产量减少。水稻和小麦在不同温度下进行液培时，籽粒灌浆率最高，但不同播种植株籽粒灌浆率最高，在30℃左右。大米和15℃时，小麦中蔗糖合酶活性降低，ct-淀粉酶活性升高，并且在灌浆期通过间伐处理增加同化物供应时，一些酶活性增加。我们的结果表明，籽粒灌浆对高温的反应增加。尽管水稻和小麦的最佳生长温度范围不同，并且同化物供应影响籽粒灌浆活动，但水稻和小麦在较高温度条件下籽粒灌浆的差异似乎很小，但应继续进一步研究以克服其影响。未来气候变化下高温对籽粒灌浆的影响