Study of olfactory-compatible smell sensor prototype by using odorant receptors

使用气味受体研究嗅觉兼容的气味传感器原型

基本信息

批准号：
15360444
负责人：
SATO Takaaki
金额：
$ 9.66万
依托单位：
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The olfactory system can discriminate between chiral odorants by differences in nano-scale molecular structures in a few seconds, whereas instrumental analyses hardly identify or separate one of each pair from another. Similarily, artificial odor sensors have not realized olfactory-compatible performance in odor discrimination. In this study, we have attempted to develop a prototype of olfactory compatible artificial nose by developing its key technology including odorant-receptor-expressed elemental sensors and algorithm of odor information processing. The results are summarized as follows : 1. A few of odorant receptors were functionally expressed in HEK293 cells by coexpressing two chaperones of RTP1 and RTP2 (Saito, H., et al., Cell, 119 : 679-691 (2004)), showing response reproducibility and original odor responsiveness of olfactory receptor neurons expressing its receptors. This elemental sensor would innovate artificial nose technology by conserving excellent performance of odorant receptors in odor discrimination. For recruitment of many other odorant receptors into a new artificial nose, it is necessary to find another chaperone to help the other receptors be expressed in cultured cells. 2. Difference and identity of receptor codes between a floral chiral odorant pair has been partially revealed. 3. Electrophysiological data obtained in the olfactory cortex of guinea-pig isolated whole brain with nose attached have supported our hypothesis of algorithm of receptor-sensitivity-dependent hierarchical odor information coding. We have continued to collect receptor code data for typical odorants and to construct array of elemental odor sensors expressing odorant receptors. At present, this approach forwarded to develop innovative artificial nose as olfactory-compatible sensors.

嗅觉系统可以在几秒钟内通过纳米级分子结构的差异来区分手性气味剂，而仪器分析很难识别或分离每对气味剂中的一对。同样，人造气味传感器在气味辨别方面也没有实现嗅觉兼容的性能。在本研究中，我们试图通过开发其关键技术（包括气味受体表达的元素传感器和气味信息处理算法）来开发嗅觉兼容的人工鼻原型。结果总结如下： 1.通过共表达RTP1和RTP2两个分子伴侣，一些气味受体在HEK293细胞中功能性表达(Saito，H.，et al.，Cell，119：679-691(2004))，显示表达其受体的嗅觉受体神经元的反应再现性和原始气味反应性。这种基本传感器将通过保留气味受体在气味辨别方面的优异性能来革新人工鼻技术。为了将许多其他气味受体招募到新的人造鼻子中，有必要找到另一种伴侣来帮助其他受体在培养细胞中表达。 2. 花手性气味对之间受体代码的差异和同一性已部分揭示。 3. 在豚鼠离体全脑（附有鼻子）的嗅觉皮层中获得的电生理数据支持了我们的受体敏感性依赖性分级气味信息编码算法的假设。我们继续收集典型气味剂的受体代码数据，并构建表达气味受体的元素气味传感器阵列。目前，这种方法被用来开发创新的人工鼻子作为嗅觉兼容的传感器。