Ecological anthropology from the perspective of communication process : Studies in the African tropical rain forest

传播过程视角下的生态人类学:非洲热带雨林研究

基本信息

批准号：
14401013
负责人：
KIMURA Daiji
金额：
$ 8.51万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14401013/
关键词：
communication social interaction ecological anthropology Africa conversation sharing egalitarianism knowledge transfer 儀礼

项目摘要

Ecological anthropology (EA) has been, especially in Japan, considered to be a discipline which deals with the quantitative data of subsistence. However, as a matter of fact, communicational phenomena are frequently observed and analyzed in EA. In this research project, we aimed to investigate the human life in the African tropical rain forest from the viewpoint of EA and communication process. Results of each research activity are shown as follows.Daily social interaction of hunter-gatherers and farmers were studied by Kimura, the project leader. The result has been published in a book titled "Sense of co-presence". Graduate students (Oishi, Shima, and Inai) were also researched the interaction among farmers, hunter-gatherers, and fishers. In these studies, communication process was not only investigated in the framework of "media study", but also analyzed in relation to the people's cultural and subsistence activities. Egalitarianism and sharing, which affect the basis of hunter-gatherers' daily life, were studied theoretically by Terashima, and practically by Kitanishi, and the results of these studies were also published in a book. Inter-ethnic group relationship and the relation between state and local area was investigated by Ichikawa, Kitanishi, Oishi, and Inai, and an abundance of case examples was heaped up. Terashima, Ichikawa, and Komatsu were also studied the acquirement and inter-generational transition of knowledge on the nature, such as fauna and flora.Currently, EA researchers are required to find out new methodological frontier. Suggestion from this research project is that communicational aspect of EA might be one of such frontiers. We could have a certain level of accomplishment, but further intensification of the efforts is required in the future.

生态人类学（EA）一直被认为是一门研究生存定量数据的学科，尤其是在日本。然而，事实上，在 EA 中经常观察和分析通信现象。在这个研究项目中，我们旨在从 EA 和交流过程的角度来调查非洲热带雨林中的人类生活。每项研究活动的结果如下所示。项目负责人木村研究了狩猎采集者和农民的日常社会互动。研究结果发表在一本名为《共同存在感》的书中。研究生（Oishi、Shima 和 Inai）也研究了农民、狩猎采集者和渔民之间的互动。在这些研究中，传播过程不仅在“媒介研究”的框架下进行考察，而且还结合人们的文化和生存活动进行分析。寺岛从理论上对影响狩猎采集者日常生活基础的平等主义和分享进行了研究，北西则在实践中进行了研究，这些研究结果也出版在一本书中。市川、北西、大石、稻内等人对族群间的关系、国家与地方的关系进行了调查，积累了大量的案例。寺岛、市川和小松也对动植物等自然知识的获取和代际传承进行了研究。当前，EA研究人员需要寻找新的方法论前沿。该研究项目表明，EA 的沟通方面可能是此类前沿领域之一。我们可以取得一定的成绩，但今后还需要进一步加大努力。