Research on the Pit Splitting Mechanism in Peach and a Trial to Reduce the Split-pit-induced Fruit Drop before Harvesting

桃裂核机理研究及采前减少裂核落果试验

• 批准号: 13660035
• 负责人: NAKANO Mikio
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Prefectural University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13660035/
• 关键词: Split-pit of Peach; Stone Cracking; Strength of Stone for Cracking; Promotion of Fruit Growth; Thinning of Flowering Bud; Fruit Drop; Embryo Sac; Nuclear DNA; モモ; 核割れ; ひずみ計; 変位計; 耐圧力; 着果率; 加圧注水; 摘蕾・摘花; 浸透圧の日変化; モモの糖組成; ^<13>Cの分配

Fruits growers in Japan tend to produce big size fruits as dictated by consumer's demand. But, the treatments to promote the fruit growth also promote the split-pit and fruit drop. Previous results on the research are as follows; 1)Split-pit should be induced by the tensile force of flesh which pull sidewise the pit mainly during the period of stage II. 2)Immature seed coat drastically produces ethylene just after being exposed to air. 3)In common case of split-pit, in which the cracks are restricted in endocarp, no air is induced to seed and no ethylene is released until fruit maturation, but fruit drop is promoted before maturation.In this report, physical properties of peach fruits were investigated. Although hardiness of stone increased from stage I to stage III, the stone was estimated to be brittle and crisp during stage II. Tensile strength, plasticity and Young's modulus of the flesh in the growth promoted plot were more increased than those in the control. When pit was artificially split by injection of dye solution from the peduncle scar to the inner cavity of stone with increasing pressure, resistance force to rapture increased accompanying with the fruit development, but the values of those during stage II were statistically reduced by growth promotion, and a negative relationship between fruit diameter and the resistance force was observed.Flower bud thinning is more advisable for fruit production with better size and less split-pit, because earlier thinning may promote cell division of the remainder and secure the possibility of better fruit growth after the risky stage II. But, it is noticeable that embryo sacs of the seed in the plot of flower bud thinning were frequently deformed, in which abnormality of ploidy level by nuclear DNA was observed.

日本的水果种植者倾向于根据消费者的需求生产大尺寸的水果。但是，促进果实生长的处理也会促进裂坑和落果。先前的研究结果如下： 1）裂坑主要是在第二阶段，由肉质拉力向侧向拉裂坑引起的。 2）未成熟的种皮一旦暴露在空气中就会大量产生乙烯。 3）普通裂坑情况下，裂纹仅限于内果皮，在果实成熟之前不会向种子引入空气，也不会释放乙烯，但在成熟前会促进落果。在本报告中，桃子的物理特性水果进行了调查。虽然石头的硬度从第一阶段到第三阶段有所增加，但估计在第二阶段石头会变脆。促生区果肉的拉伸强度、塑性和杨氏模量较对照有较大提高。当通过从花梗痕处向果核内腔注入染料溶液，人工劈开果核时，随着压力的增加，抗裂力随着果实的发育而增加，但第二阶段的抗裂力在统计上因促生长而降低，果实直径与阻力呈负相关。为了生产大小较好、裂坑较少的果实，花芽疏花更为适宜，因为较早的疏花可以促进剩余部分的细胞分裂，保证果实更好生长的可能性危险阶段之后二.但是，值得注意的是，花芽间疏地块的种子胚囊经常变形，其中观察到核DNA的倍性水平异常。

项目成果

Nakano, Mikio, Masaaki Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Horticulturae. 592. 531-536 (2002)

Nakano，Mikio，Masaaki Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”园艺学报。

M.Nakano, M.Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Horticulturae. 592. 531-536 (2002)

M.Nakano，M.Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”园艺学报。

Nakano, M., M.Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of the Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Hort.. 592. 531-536 (2002)

Nakano, M., M.Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”Acta Hort.. 592. 531-536 (2002)