Research on the Pit Splitting Mechanism in Peach and a Trial to Reduce the Split-pit-induced Fruit Drop before Harvesting

桃裂核机理研究及采前减少裂核落果试验

• 批准号: 13660035
• 负责人: NAKANO Mikio
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Prefectural University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13660035/
• 关键词: Split-pit of Peach; Stone Cracking; Strength of Stone for Cracking; Promotion of Fruit Growth; Thinning of Flowering Bud; Fruit Drop; Embryo Sac; Nuclear DNA; モモ; 核割れ; ひずみ計; 変位計; 耐圧力; 着果率; 加圧注水; 摘蕾・摘花; 浸透圧の日変化; モモの糖組成; ^<13>Cの分配

Fruits growers in Japan tend to produce big size fruits as dictated by consumer's demand. But, the treatments to promote the fruit growth also promote the split-pit and fruit drop. Previous results on the research are as follows; 1)Split-pit should be induced by the tensile force of flesh which pull sidewise the pit mainly during the period of stage II. 2)Immature seed coat drastically produces ethylene just after being exposed to air. 3)In common case of split-pit, in which the cracks are restricted in endocarp, no air is induced to seed and no ethylene is released until fruit maturation, but fruit drop is promoted before maturation.In this report, physical properties of peach fruits were investigated. Although hardiness of stone increased from stage I to stage III, the stone was estimated to be brittle and crisp during stage II. Tensile strength, plasticity and Young's modulus of the flesh in the growth promoted plot were more increased than those in the control. When pit was artificially split by injection of dye solution from the peduncle scar to the inner cavity of stone with increasing pressure, resistance force to rapture increased accompanying with the fruit development, but the values of those during stage II were statistically reduced by growth promotion, and a negative relationship between fruit diameter and the resistance force was observed.Flower bud thinning is more advisable for fruit production with better size and less split-pit, because earlier thinning may promote cell division of the remainder and secure the possibility of better fruit growth after the risky stage II. But, it is noticeable that embryo sacs of the seed in the plot of flower bud thinning were frequently deformed, in which abnormality of ploidy level by nuclear DNA was observed.

日本的水果种植者倾向于产生大尺寸的水果，这是消费者需求所决定的。但是，促进水果生长的处理也促进了分裂坑和水果的滴落。研究的先前结果如下： 1）应由肉的拉伸力诱导裂缝，后者主要在第二阶段的时期侧面拉动坑。 2）未成熟的种子涂层在暴露于空气后会大大产生乙烯。 3）在裂缝的常见情况下，其中裂缝受到内质的限制，在果实成熟之前，没有诱导空气诱导种子，没有释放乙烯，但是在成熟之前促进了果实下降。在这份报告中，研究了桃水果的物理特性。尽管石头的坚韧性从第一阶段到第三阶段增加，但据估计，石头在II期期间易碎而脆。在促进的生长图中，肉体的拉伸强度，可塑性和Young的模量比对照组中的增长量更大。 When pit was artificially split by injection of dye solution from the peduncle scar to the inner cavity of stone with increasing pressure, resistance force to rapture increased accompanying with the fruit development, but the values of those during stage II were statistically reduced by growth promotion, and a negative relationship between fruit diameter and the resistance force was observed.Flower bud thinning is more advisable for fruit production with better size and less split-pit, because earlier thinning may promote cell division of the remainder and在危险的第二阶段之后，确保了更好的水果生长的可能性。但是，值得注意的是，在花芽稀疏中种子的胚胎经常被变形，其中观察到核DNA的异常。

项目成果

Nakano, Mikio, Masaaki Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Horticulturae. 592. 531-536 (2002)

Nakano，Mikio，Masaaki Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”园艺学报。

M.Nakano, M.Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Horticulturae. 592. 531-536 (2002)

M.Nakano，M.Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”园艺学报。

Nakano, M., M.Nakamura: "Cracking and Mechanical Properties of the Stone in Peach Cultivars after Sever Thinning"Acta Hort.. 592. 531-536 (2002)

Nakano, M., M.Nakamura：“严重间伐后桃品种果核的开裂和机械特性”Acta Hort.. 592. 531-536 (2002)