Causal Factors and Control of the Necrotic Disorder of Berries in 'Muscat of Alexandria' Grape

“亚历山大麝香”葡萄浆果坏死病的致病因素及防治

• 批准号: 62560030
• 负责人: NAKANO Mikio
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62560030/
• 关键词: Grape berry; 'Shukuka-byo'; Physiological disorder; Vascular bundle disease; Mycoplasma-like organism; Anti-biotics; Inoculation; Pathogenisity; 維管束障害; 培養; 電顕観察; X線分析; 維管束の壊死; 篩部局在性; バクテリア; 維管束の変性; 植物マイコプラズマの培養; マイコプラズマの電顕像

The necrotic disorder of grape berries, so called 'Shukuka-byo' in Japanese, has been considered due to physiological breakdown, but prevention of this disorder is yet obscure. Authors supposed that it should be a vascular disease infected by unknown organisms because of its first browning symptom appeared on vascular bundles, and preventive effectiveness of some antibiotic treatments.Numerous oval to spherical granules were observed in sieve elements and adjacent parenchymatous cells at receptacles and the basal portion of suffered berries, but rare in healthy berries through SEM. The granules were mostly ca. 0.5-1.0 mum of diameter, but some were smaller and others larger, and some were smooth in its surface but others rough. Rough granules of 0.2-2.0 mum were observed in the clonies on the medium inoculated with tissues, and smooth granules of 0.2-1.8 mum were also observed in the precipitated fraction of centrifuged juice of suffered berries. But we could not find any microorganisms through TEM, except some orbicular structures of 0.2-1.0 mum without clear membrane and interior, which were supposed to be broken down mitochondria. Xylem sap contained some organism-like granules of 0.05- 0.2 mum with membrane. MLO-like colonies were frequently produced around the tissues of healthy and/or suffered berries and receptacles on the StageII to maturation, but not around the tissues from the tip-cultured grapevines, which were planted in a netted greenhouse protected from leafhoppers and did not show any symptoms of the necrotic disorder. The colonies did not grow any more by its transplanting, and also did not grow through the cellulose films for dialysis laying against the tissues. Nucleic acids were detected from the granules in precipitate fraction after 12,000 centrifugation(G) of liquid culture medium. Pathogenisity of the granules was not elucidated by several inoculation, except a instance of basal treatment to the aseptic cultured cuttings in tubes.

由于生理崩溃，人们认为葡萄浆果的坏死障碍，所谓的“ shukuka-byo”，但预防这种疾病却却晦涩难懂。作者认为，它应该是一种由未知生物感染的血管疾病，因为它的第一个褐变症状出现在血管束上，并且某些抗生素治疗的预防有效性。在筛分元素和邻近的邻近纤维囊中，在筛子和基底贝尔的贝尔贝尔（Berers of Berries of Bereries）中观察到了球形颗粒的椭圆形椭圆形。颗粒主要是大约。直径为0.5-1.0妈妈，但有些较小，有些较大，有些则表面光滑，而另一些则粗糙。在被组织接种的培养基上观察到了0.2-2.0妈妈的粗糙颗粒，并且在浆果的离心汁的沉淀分数中也观察到了0.2-1.8妈妈的光滑颗粒。但是我们找不到通过TEM找到任何微生物，除了一些0.2-1.0妈妈的轨道结构，没有透明的膜和内部，它们应该被分解。木质部汁液中包含一些有机体样颗粒，其颗粒为0.05-0.2妈妈，用膜。经常在健康和/或在舞台上遭受浆果和插座的组织周围产生类似MLO的菌落，而不是从尖端培养的葡萄藤中的组织周围产生的，而不是在尖端培养的葡萄缝的组织周围，这些葡萄是在受到保护的网状温室中，这些温室中遭到了保护，并未显示出任何坏死症的症状。这些菌落不再通过移植而生长，也没有通过纤维素膜生长，以透析在组织上。在液态培养基12,000离心（G）后，从沉淀分数中的颗粒中检测到核酸。颗粒的病原体没有通过几次接种来阐明，除了对管中无菌培养的插条的基础治疗的情况。

项目成果

中野幹夫: "ブドウ,‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'における縮果障害の組織学的観察と発生要因" 園学雑. 58(2). 289-296 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄果实卷曲紊乱的组织学观察和原因”Sono Gakuzai 58(2) 289-296 (1989)。

NAKANO, Mikio: "Time of Occurrence and Symptoms of the Necrotic Berry Disorder in 'Muscat of Alexandria Grape" Sci. Rep. Fac. Agr. OKAYAMA Uni.72. 89-99 (1988)

NAKANO, Mikio：“‘亚历山大葡萄麝香’中坏死浆果病的发生时间和症状”科学。

中野幹夫: "ブドウ‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'における縮果障害果の組織学的観察と発生要因" 園学雑. 58(2). 289-296 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄果实卷曲的组织学观察和原因”Sono Gakuzai 58(2) 289-296 (1989)。

NAKANO, Mikio: "Characteristics of Berry Growth during StageII, and the Components of "Speck" Disorder in 'Muscat of Alexandria' Grape" J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 58(3):529-536, 1989.

NAKANO, Mikio：“第二阶段浆果生长的特征以及‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄中“斑点”紊乱的组成部分”J. Japan。

中野幹夫: "ブドウ,‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'の果粒の発育第II期の特徴と“シミ"症状の発生要因" 園学雑. 53(3). 529-536 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄在果实发育第二阶段的特征以及‘污点’症状的原因”Sono Gakuzai 53(3) (1989)。