Causal Factors and Control of the Necrotic Disorder of Berries in 'Muscat of Alexandria' Grape

“亚历山大麝香”葡萄浆果坏死病的致病因素及防治

• 批准号: 62560030
• 负责人: NAKANO Mikio
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62560030/
• 关键词: Grape berry; 'Shukuka-byo'; Physiological disorder; Vascular bundle disease; Mycoplasma-like organism; Anti-biotics; Inoculation; Pathogenisity; 維管束障害; 培養; 電顕観察; X線分析; 維管束の壊死; 篩部局在性; バクテリア; 維管束の変性; 植物マイコプラズマの培養; マイコプラズマの電顕像

The necrotic disorder of grape berries, so called 'Shukuka-byo' in Japanese, has been considered due to physiological breakdown, but prevention of this disorder is yet obscure. Authors supposed that it should be a vascular disease infected by unknown organisms because of its first browning symptom appeared on vascular bundles, and preventive effectiveness of some antibiotic treatments.Numerous oval to spherical granules were observed in sieve elements and adjacent parenchymatous cells at receptacles and the basal portion of suffered berries, but rare in healthy berries through SEM. The granules were mostly ca. 0.5-1.0 mum of diameter, but some were smaller and others larger, and some were smooth in its surface but others rough. Rough granules of 0.2-2.0 mum were observed in the clonies on the medium inoculated with tissues, and smooth granules of 0.2-1.8 mum were also observed in the precipitated fraction of centrifuged juice of suffered berries. But we could not find any microorganisms through TEM, except some orbicular structures of 0.2-1.0 mum without clear membrane and interior, which were supposed to be broken down mitochondria. Xylem sap contained some organism-like granules of 0.05- 0.2 mum with membrane. MLO-like colonies were frequently produced around the tissues of healthy and/or suffered berries and receptacles on the StageII to maturation, but not around the tissues from the tip-cultured grapevines, which were planted in a netted greenhouse protected from leafhoppers and did not show any symptoms of the necrotic disorder. The colonies did not grow any more by its transplanting, and also did not grow through the cellulose films for dialysis laying against the tissues. Nucleic acids were detected from the granules in precipitate fraction after 12,000 centrifugation(G) of liquid culture medium. Pathogenisity of the granules was not elucidated by several inoculation, except a instance of basal treatment to the aseptic cultured cuttings in tubes.

葡萄浆果坏死病（日语中称为“Shukuka-byo”）被认为是由于生理故障造成的，但这种疾病的预防尚不清楚。由于其首先出现在维管束上的褐变症状，以及一些抗生素治疗的预防效果，作者认为它应该是一种由未知生物感染的维管束疾病。通过扫描电镜观察，发现受损浆果的基部部分，但在健康浆果中很少见。颗粒大部分是大约。直径0.5-1.0微米，有的较小，有的较大，表面光滑，有的粗糙。接种组织的培养基上的菌落中观察到0.2-2.0μm的粗糙颗粒，在受害浆果离心汁的沉淀部分中也观察到0.2-1.8μm的光滑颗粒。但通过TEM我们并没有发现任何微生物，除了一些0.2-1.0μm的圆形结构，没有透明的膜和内部，这些结构应该是分解线粒体的。木质部汁液中含有一些0.05～0.2μm的带膜的生物状颗粒。 MLO 样菌落经常在健康和/或受影响的浆果和处于成熟阶段的花托的组织周围产生，但在尖端培养的葡萄藤的组织周围不产生，这些葡萄藤种植在免受叶蝉侵害的网状温室中，并且没有产生。显示出坏死性疾病的任何症状。菌落不再通过移植而生长，也不再通过贴在组织上的用于透析的纤维素膜生长。液体培养基离心（G）12,000次后，从沉淀部分的颗粒中检测到核酸。除对管中无菌培养插条进行基础处理的实例外，多次接种均未阐明颗粒的致病性。

项目成果

中野幹夫: "ブドウ,‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'における縮果障害の組織学的観察と発生要因" 園学雑. 58(2). 289-296 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄果实卷曲紊乱的组织学观察和原因”Sono Gakuzai 58(2) 289-296 (1989)。

中野幹夫: "ブドウ‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'における縮果障害果の組織学的観察と発生要因" 園学雑. 58(2). 289-296 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄果实卷曲的组织学观察和原因”Sono Gakuzai 58(2) 289-296 (1989)。

NAKANO, Mikio: "Time of Occurrence and Symptoms of the Necrotic Berry Disorder in 'Muscat of Alexandria Grape" Sci. Rep. Fac. Agr. OKAYAMA Uni.72. 89-99 (1988)

NAKANO, Mikio：“‘亚历山大葡萄麝香’中坏死浆果病的发生时间和症状”科学。

中野幹夫: "ブドウ,‘マスカット・オブ・アレキサンドリア'の果粒の発育第II期の特徴と“シミ"症状の発生要因" 園学雑. 53(3). 529-536 (1989)

Mikio Nakano：“‘亚历山大麝香’葡萄在果实发育第二阶段的特征以及‘污点’症状的原因”Sono Gakuzai 53(3) (1989)。

NAKANO, Mikio: "Factors of "Speck" Disorder of Grape Appeared on the StageII of Berry Growth" Environ. Control in Biol., 27(1):1-8, 1989.

NAKANO，Mikio：“浆果生长第二阶段出现葡萄“斑点”病的因素”环境。