The Development of Public Saving and Giro Institutions and its Significance in German Financial Structure 1908-1935

1908-1935年公共储蓄和银行转账机构的发展及其在德国金融结构中的意义

基本信息

批准号：
13630088
负责人：
MITSUISHI Ikuo
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Shiga University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this rearch programme I wish to analyse the development of saving banks and giro institutions of German public financial institutions mainly in the interwar periode. As the result, I arrived at two points of new aspect and fact.First, saving bank was originally established as a public institution, therefore it gave credit often to its local commune and reversely this guaranteed the deposit of its saving bank. While its business expanded to a universal bank at the early twenties, separate saving bank was financially integrated first to the provincial or state giro institution, and then to the national institution (Deutsche Girozentrale). In the financial crisis of 1931 they suffered liquidity of its frozen credit to local governments and reduced its assetts and deposits. However, saving and giro institutions, which got the independent corporation by the law of Reichsgesetz uber das Kreditwesen in 1934, recovered from the Great Depression faster than the Berliner Big Banks.Secondary, the active municipal investment to infrastructure, facilities and house construction of the twenties were financed with domestic deposit fund collected by saving banks and financed through giro institutions. They gave credit also to the middle and small enterprises, which were not taken into account by the Big Banks. After the Nazi came into power in 1933, there appeared a new financial channel from saving and giro institutions through the long government bonds to the munitious industries with the means of special bills. These institutions became one of the important instruments for the Nazi financial system with the purpose of armament.

在本研究项目中，我希望主要分析两次世界大战期间德国公共金融机构的储蓄银行和转账机构的发展。由此，我得到了两个新的方面和事实。第一，储蓄银行最初是作为事业单位设立的，因此它经常向当地公社发放信贷，反过来又保证了储蓄银行的存款。虽然其业务在二十年代初扩展到全能银行，但独立的储蓄银行在财务上首先与省级或州级银行转账机构整合，然后与国家机构（德国银行转账中心）整合。 1931年的金融危机中，它们对地方政府的信贷被冻结，流动性受到影响，资产和存款也减少了。然而，1934年根据Reichsgesetz uber das Kreditwesen法获得独立法人资格的储蓄和转帐机构比柏林大银行更快地从大萧条中恢复过来。其次，市政当局对基础设施、设施和住房建设的积极投资二十世纪的资金来源是储蓄银行收取的国内存款基金以及通过直接转帐机构提供的资金。他们还向大银行不考虑的中小企业提供信贷。 1933年纳粹上台后，出现了一种新的金融渠道，从储蓄和转帐机构通过长期政府债券到以特别票据为手段的军需工业。这些机构成为纳粹金融体系以军备为目的的重要工具之一。