A study on enrichment and volume reduction of tritiated water in a fusion reactor using photocatalysis

聚变反应堆中氚化水光催化富集减容研究

基本信息

批准号：
12680493
负责人：
FUKADA Satoshi
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12680493/
关键词：
tritium water photo catallysis titanium oxide fusion reactor ultraviolet light distillation 無電解メッキ蒸留法

项目摘要

It is important to establish a safety process of enrichment or volume reduction of tritiated water for promoting safety of a fusion reactor and public acceptance.Tentative storage of tritium water in a vessel is not final measures. Water distillation needs a large energy and has an economical problem. Titanium oxide (anatase) of photocatalysis is expected to decompose air pollutantor to dissociate water into hydrogen and oxygen. Since there may be a small difference in dissociation energy between light water and heavy or tritiated water, enrichment of tritium in waste water expected to be exhausted from a fusion reactor was experimentally investigated by using a photocatalysis.In the first year of the present research, we manufactured photocatalyses by means of nonelectrolysis gilding under different conditions of temperature and concentration. The catalysis was manufactured by plating nickel oxide on titanium oxide.Then the photocatalysis dipped in water in a glass cell was put undera … More n ultraviolet light from a xenon lamp. Part of tritiated water dissociated to hydrogen and oxygen on the anatase photocatalysis, and they recombined on nickel oxide. A difference in rate of dissociation and recombination between tritiated water and light water brought a certain enrichment of tritium in non-dissociated water. Since a key to enrich tritiated water by photocatalysis is to manufacture a high-efficient catalyst, many catalyses were tested under various plating conditions. Although.titanium oxides and nickel oxides were working, the yield was comparatively small.So, in the second year of the present research, another nonelectrolysis gilding in palladium chloride.solution was tested. Tritium enrichment by anatase-palladium catalysis was investigated under ultraviolet light. The yield increased and the isotope separation factor was around 1.1. In order to apply the present method to industrial scale it is necessary to make contact well among solid (catalysis), liquid (water) and gas (vapor, hydrogen and oxygen). A trickle bed system was found to be optimum for maintaining the good contact. It was concluded that the trickle system should be investigated in the next study. Part of the results was presented in scientific journals and the rest will be presented in the near future. Less

建立氚水浓缩或减容的安全工艺对于促进聚变反应堆的安全性和公众接受度具有重要意义。将氚水暂时储存在容器中并不是最终措施。水蒸馏需要大量的能量并且具有经济性。由于轻水和重水之间的解离能可能存在微小差异，因此光催化的氧化钛（锐钛矿）有望分解空气污染物，将水分解为氢气和氧气。氚化水，利用光催化对聚变反应堆排出的废水中氚的富集进行了实验研究。在本研究的第一年，我们通过在不同温度和浓度条件下的非电解镀金方法制造了光催化剂。该催化剂是通过在氧化钛上镀上氧化镍而制成的。然后将光催化剂浸入玻璃池中的水中，然后将其置于紫外光照射下。氙灯照射下，部分氚水在锐钛矿光催化作用下解离为氢气和氧气，并在氧化镍上重新结合。氚水与轻水的解离和复合速率不同，使得未解离水中的氚有一定的富集。由于通过光催化富集氚水的关键是制造高效催化剂，因此许多催化剂在不同的电镀条件下进行了测试。虽然氧化钛和氧化镍起作用，但产量相对较小。因此，在本研究的第二年，研究了在紫外光下锐钛矿-钯催化富集氯化钯溶液中的另一种非电解镀金。产率提高，同位素分离因子约为1.1。为了将本方法应用于工业规模，需要使固体之间良好接触。（催化）、液体（水）和气体（蒸汽、氢气和氧气）发现滴流床系统对于保持良好的接触来说是最佳的。因此，滴流系统应该在下一个研究中进行研究。结果已发表在科学期刊上，其余部分将在不久的将来发表。