Elementary Hydrologic Processes in Soil- and Atmospheric Sphere Considering the Effects of Root, Stem and Leaf system of Plants

考虑植物根、茎、叶系统影响的土壤和大气层基本水文过程

基本信息

批准号：
63420042
负责人：
HINO M.
金额：
$ 7.23万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Plant is a corridor which connects between the soil-sphere and the atmosphere. Root system acts as a sink of moisture and chemical substances in soil. Leaves act not only as a source of atmospheric moisture by transpiration but also as a sink of CO_2 gas and source O_2 gas into the atmosphere by photosynthesis (absorption of CO_2 and desorption Of O_2 ). Through these processes, plants play an important role to moderate the climate indirectly through evaporation and directly by sheltering. The study aims at establishing the fundamentals of a new hydrogic research field which treats both spheres of soil and atmosphere as a whole.1. Experiment on the micro-hydrological and meteorogical processes by the lysimeters with wind tunnels: Using two set of lysimeters with wind tunnel, one of which is bare soil or turf and on the other of which grass is planted, comparisons are made in terms of the change of distributions of temperature, humidity, CO_2 concentration to evaluate the moderation effect of vegetation. 2. The effect of dry leaves to protect the longwave radiation in calm winter nights has been experimented, comparing with the dry turf field. 3. Numerical Experiment: Numerical model balled NEO SPAM (Soil-Plant-Atmospheric Model) which simulates the hydrologic and meteorological processes in soil, plant and atmospheric environment has been developed. The results of the above mentioned laboratory experiment have been tested by the model. The effective arrangement of plant zone is examined and the relative effect of sheltering and transpiration is simulated to conclude the latter effect is more important.

植物是连接土壤圈和大气的走廊。根系充当土壤中水分和化学物质的库。叶子不仅通过蒸腾作用作为大气水分的来源，而且通过光合作用（吸收CO_2和解吸O_2）作为CO_2气体和O_2气体源进入大气中的汇。通过这些过程，植物在通过蒸发间接调节气候和通过遮蔽直接调节气候方面发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在建立一个新的水文研究领域的基础，该领域将土壤和大气视为一个整体。1．风洞渗漏仪微水文气象过程实验：采用两组风洞渗漏仪，一套为裸土或草皮，一套为植草，进行了比较通过温度、湿度、CO_2浓度分布的变化来评价植被的调节作用。 2、试验了在平静的冬夜中干燥树叶对长波辐射的防护效果，并与干燥草坪场进行了比较。 3.数值实验：建立了模拟土壤、植物和大气环境中水文和气象过程的NEO SPAM（土壤-植物-大气模型）数值模型。上述实验室实验的结果已经通过模型进行了检验。考察了植物区的有效布置，并模拟了遮蔽和蒸腾的相对效应，得出后者的效应更重要的结论。