Sparial/temporal feeding strategies of pelagic copepod commonities

中上层桡足类共性的空间/时间进食策略

基本信息

批准号：
10660180
负责人：
OHTSUKA Susumu
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. A neritic calanoid copepod Tortanus (Atortus), which is a carnivore feeding on small copepods such as Oithona, was observed forming swarms during the day. Their swarming may function, not only as an antipredation against visual predators such as fish, but also a foraging strategy to detect prey copepods.2. A deep-sea hyperbenthic calanoid copepod Macandrewella is a special detritivore utilizing crustacean carsasses and/or molts. The genus bears a medial cephalic lens which is rarely found in the family Scolecitrichidae, Another deep-sea calanoid Cephalophanes with much more developed and specialized optical sensors than in Macandrewella is also a detritivore feeding mainly on crustacean carcasses/molts. Considering their similar feeding habits and developed optical sensors, these organs may function in detecting bioluminescent bacteria inhabiting on crustacean detrital matter.3. Shallow-water demersal calanoid copepods such as Pseudodiaptomus and Pseudocyclops utilize benthic algae … More in addition to pelagic ones. A cavernicolous calanoid Ridgewayia stygia fed on crustacean remains.4. A deep-sea carnivorous catanoid Euaugaptilus bears special setae called "button setae" on the maxilla and maxilliped. The "button" may function as a shock absorber white their prey is struggling. The number, disposition and fine structure of the buttons vary among congeners.5. Pelagic harpacticoid such as Euterpina acutifrons, Microsetella norvegica and Aegisthus murconatus fed mainly on small algae ranging from 4 to 15 μm in largest dimension. In addition, A.mucronatus frequently fed on crustacean remains.6. Ratios of the maxillary and maxillipedal lengths to the body length are measured in 85 species of oceanic, neritic and brackish calanoid copepods. Only oceanic carnivores bear extremely elongate maxillae (>30% in Candaciidae) or maxillipeds (>40% in Euchaetidae and Chiridiella). The appendage elongation seems to guarantee effective capture of prey zooplankters in oligotrophic waters. However setal ornamentations on these mouthpart appendages greatly vary among these carnivores, suggesting that they employ different feeding modes to result in food segregation. Ratios of the maxilla and maxilliped in particle feeders fall within 5-15% and 10-40%, respectively. Less

1. 一种浅海桡足类桡足类动物 Tortanus (Atortus) 是一种食肉动物，以小型桡足类动物（如 Oithona）为食，人们观察到它们在白天形成群体，其功能不仅是为了对抗鱼类等视觉捕食者。一种探测猎物桡足类的觅食策略。2．深海超底栖桡足类Macandrewella是一种特殊的食腐动物。该属具有内侧头晶状体，这在 Scolecitrichidae 科中很少见，是另一种深海类 Cephalophanes，具有比 Macandrewella 更发达和专门的光学传感器，也是一种主要以甲壳类动物尸体为食的碎屑动物。考虑到它们相似的摄食习性和发达的光学传感器，这些器官可能具有检测甲壳类动物身上的生物发光细菌的功能。 3. 浅水底桡足类动物，如 Pseudodiaptomus 和 Pseudocyclops，以底栖藻类为食。上颌骨上的“按钮刚毛”当猎物挣扎时，“纽扣”可能起到减震器的作用。同种动物的纽扣数量、配置和精细结构各不相同。5．最大尺寸为 4 至 15 μm 的藻类。此外，A.mucronatus 经常以甲壳类动物为食。 6. 对 85 种海洋、浅海和咸水桡足类动物的上颌骨和上颌足长度与体长的比率进行了测量，只有海洋食肉动物具有极其细长的上颌骨（在鳅科动物中>30%）或上颌足动物（在鳅科动物中>40%）。 Euchaetidae 和 Chiridiella）。附肢伸长似乎保证了有效捕获猎物。然而，这些食肉动物的这些口器附属物上的附着物差异很大，这表明它们采用不同的摄食方式来导致颗粒饲养者的上颌骨和上颌骨的比例在 5-15% 和 10-40 之间。分别为 %。