Effects of genetic varitation in host plants on herbivourous insect communities

寄主植物遗传变异对草食昆虫群落的影响

• 批准号: 10640615
• 负责人: SATO Hiroaki
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Nara Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10640615/
• 关键词: genetic varition; herbivorous insect community; oak; leafminer; molecular phylogenetic tree; silkmoth; population dynamics; density dependence; 寄主植物; 食葉性昆虫; 成長; クヌギ; 昆虫群集; Quercus; 雑種; Phyllonorycter; アブラムシ; ドングリ

In order to examine effects of genetic variation in host plants on herbivourous insect communities, we focused on relations between Japanese oaks and lepidopteran leafminers. We obtained the following results.1. Phylogenetic analysis baaed on nucleotide sequences of three genes distinguished three lineages in Japanese taxa of Quercus, Cerris-Ilex, white-oak (sensru strict) and Cyalobalanopsis.2. One new Phyllonorycter species feeding on only Q, dentata was described. The four species of nipponicella complex including this new species have specific preferences for host oaks with close relatons.3. Discriminant analysis based on several leaf traits detected 11 morphologically intermediate trees of Q. dentata and Q, crispula among 116 individuals examined in oak forest of Ishikari, Hokkaido. Of the intermediate trees, six were mined by both Q. dentata-specific and Q. crispula-specific Phyllonorycter species.4. Mine density of Phyllonorycter per leaf area often negatively correlated with le … More af size, leaf wet weight per area or leaf toughness, but densities of Caloptilia and Stigmella frequently positively correlated with them. The survival of Phyllonorycter larvae was not related to any leaf traits.5. In Q. crispula, nitrogen concentration per unit area was higher in artificially damaged leaves than in control leaves. In Q. dentata, however, it did not differ between them. Both oaks showed no difference in the density of Phyllonorycter mines between artificially damaged and control leaves.6. The similarity of parasitoid assemblages on six deciduous oaks in terms of species composition was not well accounted for by one factor such as host leafminer, host food-oak or geographic location..7 Silkmoth larvae fed by sunny leaves of Q. acutissima showed a significantly higher growth performance than those fed by shade leaves.These results suggest that not only inter- and intra-species variation but also intra-tree variation of leaf traits are important in organizing herbivorous insect communities. Less

为了研究寄主植物遗传变异对食草昆虫群落的影响，我们重点研究了日本橡树和鳞翅目潜叶蛾之间的关系，我们得到了以下结果： 1．栎属、Cerris-Ilex、白橡树（严格意义上的）和 Cyalobalanopsis.2. 一种仅以 Q 为食的新种Phyllonorycter 物种，包括该新种在内的四种日本树复合体对寄主橡树具有特定的偏好。3．基于几种叶片性状的判别分析，在116个个体中检测到了11株形态中间的树种。在北海道石狩市的橡树林中，有 6 棵是由 Q. dentata 特有的和 Q. Crisula 特有的 Phyllonorycter 开采的。 4. 每叶面积的叶叶密度通常与叶片大小、单位面积叶湿重或叶韧性呈负相关，但叶叶藻和柱头叶叶的密度通常与它们呈正相关。叶叶叶幼虫的存活率不相关。 5. 在卷叶栎中，人工损伤的叶片单位面积氮浓度高于对照叶片，但在不同叶片之间没有差异。两种橡树在人工损伤的叶子和对照叶子之间没有表现出叶螨密度的差异。6．六种落叶橡树上的寄生蜂组合在物种组成方面的相似性不能用宿主潜叶蝇、寄主等单一因素来解释。食物-橡树或地理位置..7 以麻栎向阳叶子为食的蚕蛾幼虫表现出比以阴凉叶子为食的蚕蛾幼虫显着更高的生长性能。这些结果表明，不仅叶性状的种间和种内变异以及树内变异对于组织食草昆虫群落都很重要。

项目成果

Fujuhara J.: "Pupal cremaster as a diagnostic character for species of phyllonorycter(Lepidoptera : Gracillariidac)"Insect Systematics and Evolution. 31. 387-400 (2001)

Fujuhara J.：“蛹提睾作为叶序昆虫（鳞翅目：Gracillariidac）物种的诊断特征”昆虫系统学和进化。

Fujihara J: "Pupal cremaster as a diagnostic character for species of Phyllonorycter (lepidoptera : Gracillariidae), with description of a new species of the nipponicella complex from Japan"Insect Systematics and Evolution. 31. 387-400 (2001)

Fujihara J：“蛹提睾作为 Phyllonorycter（鳞翅目：Gracillariidae）物种的诊断特征，并描述了来自日本的 nipponicella 复合体的新物种”昆虫系统学和进化。

Shibata S: "Within-tree variation in density and survival of leafminers on oak Quercus dentata"Ecological Research. 16. 135-143 (2001)

Shibata S：“橡树栎栎上潜叶蝇密度和存活率的树内变化”生态研究。