Development of the Social Security System in Germany from the World War One to the Waimar Republic

从第一次世界大战到魏玛共和国德国社会保障制度的发展

基本信息

批准号：
10630076
负责人：
KAKU Sachio
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10630076/
关键词：
Germany World War One social policy in war time social security system 社会保険救貧制度社会保障社会保健エルバーフェルト制度

项目摘要

The First World War began in August 1914 and ended in November 1918 : It continued for more than four years, much longer than expected, and brought about problems which threatened the subsistence of the people in the combatants, especially in Germany. In order to solve them, various measures were taken in Germany, because the social security systems of Imperial Germany, I. e. the social insurance system and the poor relief system, were revised little in the wartime, and they alone could not cope with those problems. In the field of labor market policy, relief of the unemployment was introduced immediately after the break of the war, but the priority of the policy gradually moved to the control of allocation of labor forces. In carrying out the wartime economy, it was necessary to work together with workers, and the combination of them was also recognized for that purpose. On the other hand, the relief systems for soldiers families, wounded soldiers and next-of-kin of war casualties were introduced, and the idea of them was different from that of the poor relief system. Furthermore, the subsidy for rent was adopted, and special credit was extended to minor enterprises. Thus, the war time social policy in Germany were very diverse in contents and had to be regulated each other in some cases. In all strata of society, however, different ideas existed together with regard to the social order which they thought should be built up. The Weimar Republic, which came out in the disorder after the defeat of the War, had such serious problems to be solved.

第一次世界大战始于1914年8月，于1918年11月结束：它持续了四年多，比预期的要长得多，并带来了威胁战斗人员的生存的问题，尤其是在德国。为了解决它们，由于德国帝国的社会保障制度，在德国采取了各种措施。在战时，社会保险系统和贫困救济系统很少修改，仅它们就无法应付这些问题。在劳动力市场政策领域，战争中断后立即引入了失业率，但政策的优先事项逐渐转移到控制劳动力分配的情况下。在进行战时经济时，有必要与工人一起工作，并且为此目的也认可了他们的结合。另一方面，引入了针对士兵家庭，受伤的士兵和临近战争伤亡的救济系统，他们的想法与不良的救济系统不同。此外，采用了租金补贴，并将特殊信贷扩展到了未成年企业。因此，在德国的战争时间社会政策在内容上非常多样化，在某些情况下必须相互监管。然而，在社会的所有阶层中，就他们认为应该建立的社会秩序而存在不同的思想。战争击败后，魏玛共和国以这种疾病出现，有如此严重的问题要解决。