Social and Educational Significance of "Social Activitiers" in English Mechanics' Institutes

英国力学学院“社会活动”的社会教育意义

• 批准号: 08610252
• 负责人: KATOH Shoji
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08610252/
• 关键词: Mechanics' Institute; Manchester Mechanics' Institution; Benjamin Heywood; Rational Recreation; Exhibition; Excursion; Social Gatherings; Social Control; 娯楽; 親睦事業; 余暇の社会史; レジャーの社会史; ベンジャミン・ヘ-ウッド

(1) Many attempts to change the activities in English Mechanics' Institutes were tried from 1830 onwards, One of which was the development of facilities for recreation usually with an educational bias. The largest amount of sound instruction was combined with the largest amount of cheap and innocent amusements : exhibition, recreation mainly by trains, musical entertainments, tea or coffee parties. An element of entertainment crept into the educational programme.(2) Manchester Mechanics' Institution passed through the typical phases of early difficulties and later changes in outlook and its works. From 1830 the broading of educational policy can be observed and increasingly the stress was placed in the wider social activities. Noteworthy such trend was more closely associated with the expressed ideas of Benjamin Heywood who had initiative of the Mechanics' Institution as a president for 1825-1840. As his Addresses Delivered at the Manchester Mechanics' Institution (1843) shows, he became to have a view to advancing his policy of combining relaxation and amusements with communication of knowledge which was the main purpose at the inauguration of the Mechanics' Institution.(3) Social activities has an important meanings from educational and social viewpoints ; to afford rational amusements to the members, to familialise the polite taste among people, and to promote the social harmony in the society.

（1）从1830年开始尝试了许多尝试更改英语机械学院活动的活动，其中之一是开发通常具有教育偏见的娱乐设施。最多的声音指导与廉价和无辜的娱乐量最多：展览，主要是火车，音乐娱乐，茶或咖啡派对的娱乐。 （2）曼彻斯特力学的机构经历了早期困难的典型阶段，后来改变了前景及其作品的变化。从1830年开始，可以观察到教育政策的扩大，并越来越多地将压力放在更广泛的社会活动中。值得注意的趋势与本杰明·海伍德（Benjamin Heywood）的表达思想更加紧密，他曾主动着该机械师的1825 - 1840年总统。正如他在曼彻斯特力学机构（1843）所展示的他的讲话时，他开始观察自己的政策，将放松和娱乐与知识的交流结合起来，这是机械师机构就职的主要目的。（3）社会活动具有教育和社会观点的重要含义；为成员提供理性的娱乐，以家庭化人们的礼貌品味，并促进社会的社会和谐。