Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease

植物病害宿主特异性毒素的分子遗传学

• 批准号: 08044207
• 负责人: KOHMOTO Keisuke
• 金额: $ 16.19万
• 依托单位: Tottori University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08044207/
• 关键词: REMI; CPS gene; PKS gene; host-specific toxin; AMT; AKT; ACRS; proteome analysis; AM毒素; AK毒素; AAL毒素; 毒素感受性因子; Alternaria; 毒素生産遺伝子; endoPG

Many fungal genes responsible for the producion of host-specific toxins were cloned from Alternaria and Cochliobolus pathogens. Some of them were elucidated thier structures and function in the course of US/Japan Joint Research Project. A cyclic peptide synthetase gene (4MT) for AM-toxin of leaf blotch of apple pathogen was found to bel3kb in length with no introns and have four domains of amino acid activation specific for the amino acids constituting the peptide toxin. The gene cluster involved in AK-toxin biosynthesis in the black spot pathogen of Japanese pear were made structural and functional analyses AKT1 (fatty acid synthesis), AKT3(modification of fatty acid), AKTR(regulator), AKTS1 (similar to threonine dehydratase, its true role is unclear, but specific to the Japanese pear pathotype) and AKT2 (no similarity to known proteins in the databases). The strawberry pathotye had AKTl AKT3 and AKTR homologues, and the tangerine pathotype possessed AKTR homologue. The shared distribution of the genes were compatible with the molecular similarity of toxins. Also, structure and function of TOX1 and TOX2 in Cochijobolus were elucidated in depth. A gene for the sensitivity to ACR-toxin was cloned from mtDNA of host rough lemon, and a protein specific to the AM-toxin sensitivity was isolated from susceptible apple leaves by proteome analysis. Most fungal genes for host specific toxin biosynthesis would be horizontally transferred.

从替代品和耳chliobolus病原体克隆了许多负责产生宿主特异性毒素的真菌基因。其中一些是在我们/日本联合研究项目中阐明了自己的结构和功能。发现苹果病原体的叶斑点的环状肽合成酶基因（4MT）的长度为BEL3KB，没有内含子，并且具有四个针对构成肽毒素的氨基酸的氨基酸激活。日本梨的黑点病原体中涉及Ak-Toxin生物合成的基因簇制成结构和功能分析Akt1（脂肪酸合成），Akt3（脂肪酸的修饰），AKTR（调节剂），Akts1（类似于苏氨酸脱发酶，丁香氨酸脱发酶，类似）它的真正作用尚不清楚，但特定于日本梨病原体）和Akt2（与数据库中已知蛋白质无相似之处）。草莓病原体具有Aktl Akt3和Aktr同源物，并且橘病具有AKTR同源物。基因的共同分布与毒素的分子相似性兼容。同样，在深度阐明了Cochijobolus中Tox1和Tox2的结构和功能。从宿主粗糙柠檬的mtDNA克隆了对Acr-toxin的敏感性的基因，并通过蛋白质组分析从易感的苹果叶子中分离出对Am-Toxin敏感性的蛋白质。用于宿主特定毒素生物合成的大多数真菌基因将水平转移。

项目成果

Nakajima, H.,et al.: "Biosynthesis of sorokinianin a phytotoxin of Bipolaris sorokiniana : Evidence of mixed origin from the sesqiuterpene and TCA pathway" Tetrahedron Letters. 39. 1013-1016 (1998)

Nakajima, H.,et al.：“Bipolaris sorokiniana 植物毒素 sorokinianin 的生物合成：来自倍半萜烯和 TCA 途径的混合起源的证据”四面体快报。

Kaneko, I.et al.: "Structural analysis of the plasmid pAAT56 of the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata" Gene. 203. 51-57 (1997)

Kaneko, I.et al.：“丝状真菌 Alternaria alternata 的质粒 pAAT56 的结构分析”基因。

Kaneko, I., Owaki, M.and Tsuge, T.: "Intercellular localization and expression of the plasmid pAAT56 in the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria." Ann.Phytopathol.Soc.Jpn.65. 25-31 (1999)

Kaneko, I.、Owaki, M. 和 Tsuge, T.：“日本梨致病型链格孢属中质粒 pAAT56 的细胞间定位和表达。”

Katsuya, S., Kaneko, I., Owaki, M., Ishikawa, K., Tsujimoto, T.and Tsuge, T.: "Circular DNA plasmid in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata : its temperature-dependent curing and association with pathogenicity." Genetics. 146. 111-120 (1997)

Katsuya, S.、Kaneko, I.、Owaki, M.、Ishikawa, K.、Tsujimoto, T. 和 Tsuge, T.：“植物病原真菌链格孢菌中的环状 DNA 质粒：其温度依赖性固化及其与致病性的关联

Akamatsu, H., Itoh, Y., Kodama, M., Otani, H.and Kohmoto, K.: "AAL-toxin deficient mutants of Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype by restriction enzyme-mediated integration." Phytopathology. 87. 967-972 (1997)

Akamatsu, H.、Itoh, Y.、Kodama, M.、Otani, H. 和 Kohmoto, K.：“通过限制酶介导的整合形成链格孢番茄病型的 AAL 毒素缺陷突变体。”