The military historical study of bushi warrior's in Nara and Heian period

奈良平安时代武士军事史研究

• 批准号: 07610330
• 负责人: TAKAHASHI Masaaki
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: Kobe University (1996-1997)Shiga University (1995)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610330/
• 关键词: bushi warriors; powers of king; military officiers; peers; military peers; resident lords; Kamakura Bukufu; Heishi's political power; 武士発生史の見直し; 職能的武士論; 東アジア古代国家の文官優位の体制; 武官系武士; 平氏と源氏; 弓馬の芸; 大鎧と合せ弓; 武芸; 騎射; 組打ち; 打物戦

The aim of this report is to make clear the historical significance of the following fact, that is, the emergence of the bushi warriors in Nara and early Heian periods. And we have several conclusions as following.1, The japanese ancient bushi warriors were the military officiers at Guard House who had the duty of protecting the King and his capital just like the military officiers in the Eastern Asian countries, especially those of Chinese Tang and Sung Dynasties and Korean military peers (Buhan) of Koryo Dynasty. Their social status was granted by king and the stste. These bushi warriors are originally twon-rooted and different from the resident lords in the local countries who appeared after mid-Heian period.2, By the 10th century, the majority of the bushi warriors of old times changed into civil officials and the families of this class came to be limited to the new emerging winners (Gengi, Heishi and Hidesato-Fujiwara) of the Civil Wars of Johei and Tengyo.3, The families who pros … More pered as busi's Ie in the Middle Ages came from "Soldier's Ie" of lower Peers. And in addition to this, we have some views of followings.4, From 11th century, bushi warriors began to expand their power into local countries and became the resident lords.5, Bushi's political power (Heishi) was beated by both the ignoble bushi warriors and the armed resident lords (military class who became bushi warroir later) in the Civil Wars of Jisho and Jyuei eras. After that, Kamakura Bukufu was founded and its head Minamoto Yoritomo encouraged the Immediate vassals to master the traditional military arts, and so the idea that bushi warriors equaled the resident lords formally got firmly fixed.6, Moreover we try to make clear the character of bushi as warriors through paying attention to their arms and the way of fighting.7, And we try to criticize the common accepted opinion that bushi gradually had power in local countries under the rule of corrupted and degarted Heian peers and then bushi beated peerin order to construct new society of Middle Ages and make clear the historical moment and course of the formation of that accepted opinion. Less

本报告的目的在于明确以下事实，即奈良和平安时代初期武士的出现的历史意义，并得出以下几个结论：1、日本古代武士是武士。守卫府的军官，与东亚国家的军官一样，特别是中国唐宋时期的军官和高丽王朝的朝鲜军事同行（不韩），担负着保护国王和首都的职责。这些武士原本是双根的，与平安时代中期以后出现的当地诸侯不同，他们的社会地位是由国王和朝廷授予的。 2、到了10世纪，大多数武士武士已经成为了日本的武士。旧时代变成了文官，这一阶层的家庭仅限于城平内战和天行内战中新出现的胜利者（成吉、平市和藤原秀里）。 3、中世纪的武士家是从下层贵族的“士兵家”而来的，除此之外，我们还有一些追随者的观点。 4、从11世纪开始，武士武士开始将他们的势力扩展到其他地方。 5、武士的政治权力（黑氏）被卑鄙的武士武士和武装的驻地领主（成为军事阶级）共同击败。士正、爵荣内战后，镰仓武府成立，其首领源赖朝鼓励直属诸侯掌握传统军事艺术，武士与当地领主平起平坐的观念正式形成。 6、此外，我们试图通过关注他们的武器和战斗方式来明确武士作为武士的性格。7、我们试图批评常见的武士在腐败和被贬低的平安贵族的统治下逐渐在当地国家掌握了权力，然后武士击败了贵族，以构建中世纪的新社会，并明确了这种公认观点形成的历史时刻和过程。

项目成果

高橋 昌明: "中世成立期の国家・社会と武力" 日本史研究. 427号. 3-26 (1998)

高桥正明：“中世纪时期的国家、社会和军事力量”日本历史研究第427期3-26（1998）。

高橋,昌明: "中世成立期の国家・社会と武力" 日本史研究. 427号. 3-26 (1998)

高桥正明：“中世纪时期的国家、社会和军事力量”，《日本历史研究》第 427 期。3-26（1998 年）。

Masaaki, Takahashi: "Formation of The Turugaoka-hachimangu yabusame events" Atarashii Rekisigakuno tameni (For new history learning). No, 224. 1-12 (1996)

高桥正明：《鹤冈八幡宫流镝马事件的形成》Atarashii Rekisigakuno tameni（用于新历史学习）。

高橋,昌明: "鶴岡八幡宮流鏑馬行事の成立-頼朝による騎射芸奨励の意味-" 新しい歴史学のために. 224号. 1-12 (1996)

高桥正明：“鹤冈八幡神社流镝马节的设立——赖朝推广马射箭的意义”新史224，1-12（1996）。

高橋 昌明: "鶴岡八幡宮流鏑馬行事の成立" 新しい歴史学のために. 224号. 1-12 (1996)

高桥正明：《鹤冈八幡神社流镝马事件》新史学第224期1-12（1996年）。