Destructive capability and the mitigation of pyroclastic flows and surges

火山碎屑流和浪涌的破坏能力和缓解

基本信息

批准号：
07458087
负责人：
ARAMAKI Shigeo
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
Nihon University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07458087/
关键词：
pyroclastic flow pyroclastic surge volcanic disasters Fugendake, Unzen volcano サージ

项目摘要

1. An extensive field work was made on the disasters done by the pyroclastic flow of June 3,1991. Even after the cessation of the eruptive activity of Fugendake, there is a wide area left off limits to the general public because of possible danger. This made our field investigation difficult and incomplete but an effort was made to carry out field investigation of the main part of the pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic surges and seared zones.2. Interviews were made with civil defense specialists, hospital medical doctors and others, who participated rescue operations during the crises. Comparison was then made with the results of BAXTER (1989).3. Detailed interviews were made with witnesses who encountered the pyroclastic surge of June 3,1991, many of them received burns but survived. Special emphasis was put on the topics of physical damages and the time sequences of the phenomena associated with the on-slaught of the pyroclastic surge. The most valuable testimonies were given by a taxi driver, people who were in their houses when attacked by the surge and later escaped, and those who witnessed the pyroclastic flow from the safe, southern side.4. Based on these testimonies and collected physical evidences, physical and medical effects of surges on buildings, trees, and humans were assessed. Most, if not all of the victims were in the zone of pyroclastic surge where they died of introduction of hot ash into their winds and of heavy skin burns. No severe physical damages were evident when they were struck by the surge in the open. Possible ways of mitigating the damage were discussed, including the possible way of escaping from serious burns and inhaling hot ash.

1. 对1991年6月3日火山碎屑流造成的灾害进行了广泛的实地调查。即使普贤岳的喷发活动停止后，由于可能存在危险，仍有大片区域禁止公众进入。这给我们的现场调查带来了困难和不全面，但我们还是努力对火山碎屑流、火山碎屑涌和灼烧带的主体部分进行了现场调查。 2．对危机期间参与救援行动的民防专家、医院医生和其他人员进行了采访。然后与BAXTER (1989)的结果进行比较。3。详细采访了1991年6月3日遭遇火山碎屑潮的目击者，其中许多人被烧伤但幸存。特别强调了物理损害的主题以及与火山碎屑潮袭击相关的现象的时间顺序。最有价值的证词由一名出租车司机、遭受巨浪袭击时在家中但随后逃出的人们以及从安全的南侧目睹火山碎屑流的人们提供。4。根据这些证词和收集的物理证据，评估了浪涌对建筑物、树木和人类的物理和医学影响。大多数（如果不是全部）受害者都处于火山碎屑激增区域，他们死于风中的热火山灰和严重的皮肤烧伤。当他们在露天被浪涌击中时，没有发现严重的物理损坏。讨论了减轻损害的可能方法，包括逃离严重烧伤和吸入热灰的可能方法。