Hydro-meteorological Studies on the Effects of Vegetation (street trees and wall-covering ivies) on the Mitigation of Urban Climate

植被（行道树和爬墙常春藤）缓解城市气候影响的水文气象研究

基本信息

批准号：
07455200
负责人：
HINO Mikio
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Central regions of big cities are becoming warmer and wamer due to the construction of tall buildings and paved roads and the reduction of green and water area ; i.e.the formation of "HEAT ISLANDS". In order to evaluate the effects of vegetation in the themal environment of urban region, the three kinds of investigation have been performed ; (1) field measurement, (2) cpmputer experiment (=numerical simulation), and (3)analysis or remote-sensing data from a man-made satellite LANDST.(1) Environmental measurement has been carried out at Tama Campus of Chuo University. The temperature decrease in thermal environment by green effect due to latent heat release has been measured. Surface temperature of plant canopy layr was lower compared with the wall temperature of a neighborling building and with temperature of paved road, and was held almost constant level irrespective of the temporal changes in humidity and velocity of surrounding air flow. The measurement shows that the green effect i … More s infulenced by the difference of land utilization.(2) Numerical experiments applying the LES model of turbulence computation were performed for the vegetation effects on urban climate. When the sun light sheds on buildings from the reversed direction to wind flow, severe circumstance is encounted in the rear wall region of buildings which absorb the strong insolation energy to become the thermal source in the flow field.If the use of central block surrounded by buildings is changed from athletic field to forestry park, the thermal environment is greately improved. The maximum temperature rise amounting to 7ﾟC above that of prevailing wind is almost cancelled, due to the effect of evapotranspiration of vegetation, by which the latent heat is released to mitigate the urban thermal environment.(3) Remotely-sensed data obtained by LANDSAT have been analyzed to estimate the regional temperature distribution of ground and forest, to show the vegetation effects on climate mitigation. A new method has been proposed for estimation the regional distribution of evapotranspiration rate, extending the complementary rule. Less

大城市的中部地区由于建造了高大的建筑和铺装道路以及绿色和水域的减少而变得越来越温暖和动摇。即“热岛”的形成。为了评估植被在城市地区本身环境中的影响，已经进行了三种投资；（1）现场测量，（2）CPMPUTER实验（=数值模拟）和（3）来自人造卫星兰斯特的分析或遥感数据。（1）在Chuo大学的Tama Campus进行了环境测量。已经测量了由于潜在热量释放而通过绿色效应降低热环境的温度。与相邻建筑物的壁温度和铺装道路的温度相比，植物树冠的表面温度较低，并且与周围气流的湿度和速度的暂时变化无关，几乎保持恒定水平。该测量表明，绿色效应I ...更多地因土地利用的差异而成熟。（2）应用了使用湍流计算模型的数值实验，以对城市气候的植被影响。当阳光从反向方向到风流的建筑物上浮出水面时，建筑物的后壁区域遇到了严重的环境，这些区域吸收了强大的绝缘能量，以成为流量场中的热源。由于植被的蒸发作用，最高温度升高高于盛行风的最高升高，几乎被取消了，通过释放潜热以减轻城市的热环境。（3）已通过Landsat获得的远程敏感数据进行了分析，以估计地面和森林的区域温度，以对植被效应估算植被效应的区域温度分布。已经提出了一种新方法来估算蒸散率的区域分布，从而扩展了完整规则。较少的