Hydro-meteorological Studies on the Effects of Vegetation (street trees and wall-covering ivies) on the Mitigation of Urban Climate

植被（行道树和爬墙常春藤）缓解城市气候影响的水文气象研究

基本信息

批准号：
07455200
负责人：
HINO Mikio
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Central regions of big cities are becoming warmer and wamer due to the construction of tall buildings and paved roads and the reduction of green and water area ; i.e.the formation of "HEAT ISLANDS". In order to evaluate the effects of vegetation in the themal environment of urban region, the three kinds of investigation have been performed ; (1) field measurement, (2) cpmputer experiment (=numerical simulation), and (3)analysis or remote-sensing data from a man-made satellite LANDST.(1) Environmental measurement has been carried out at Tama Campus of Chuo University. The temperature decrease in thermal environment by green effect due to latent heat release has been measured. Surface temperature of plant canopy layr was lower compared with the wall temperature of a neighborling building and with temperature of paved road, and was held almost constant level irrespective of the temporal changes in humidity and velocity of surrounding air flow. The measurement shows that the green effect i … More s infulenced by the difference of land utilization.(2) Numerical experiments applying the LES model of turbulence computation were performed for the vegetation effects on urban climate. When the sun light sheds on buildings from the reversed direction to wind flow, severe circumstance is encounted in the rear wall region of buildings which absorb the strong insolation energy to become the thermal source in the flow field.If the use of central block surrounded by buildings is changed from athletic field to forestry park, the thermal environment is greately improved. The maximum temperature rise amounting to 7ﾟC above that of prevailing wind is almost cancelled, due to the effect of evapotranspiration of vegetation, by which the latent heat is released to mitigate the urban thermal environment.(3) Remotely-sensed data obtained by LANDSAT have been analyzed to estimate the regional temperature distribution of ground and forest, to show the vegetation effects on climate mitigation. A new method has been proposed for estimation the regional distribution of evapotranspiration rate, extending the complementary rule. Less

由于高大的建筑物和铺装和绿色水域的建设，贝默和沃默的中央地区，即“热岛”的形成，以评估植被在城市地区的影响，这些植被的影响（2）CPMPUTER实验分析或人造卫星陆地的遥感数据（1进行了1个环境测量测量的G和铺路的温度几乎是湿度和周围的时间变化的水平。在城市气候上进行的植被进行了湍流。块螺纹从运动公园发生了变化。在缓解气候的情况下显示植被