Study of the Ethno-diversity in the Kalahari and Its Ecotone

喀拉哈里沙漠及其生态交错带民族多样性研究

基本信息

批准号：
07041012
负责人：
TANAKA Jiro
金额：
$ 24.32万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07041012/
关键词：
Kalahari Desert ecotone ethno-diversity San Botswana Namibia anthropology utilizationof environment 民族多様性

项目摘要

1. By analyzing the life history of the San, the transition of livelihood after the settlement, i.e, the contract work of cultivation and the trust of livestock, and the collection of materials related to the history of contacts among | Gui- || Gana and neighboring languages, interactions and dynamics of symbiosis between San hunter-gatherers and Bantu agro-pastoralists were elucidated.2. By collecting and analyzing the life history of the San elder men, the details of past life, such as hunting activity, extra-marital sexual relationship, male initiation ritual, ideology concerning witchcraft and sorcery imported from Bantu agro-pastoralists, were reconstructed and elucidated.3. Utilization of insects as food and material culture was investigated, and the qualitative importance of insects especially as food in San dietary life was pointed out. Furthermore, it was clarified how the minute cognition of animal figure and behavior closely correlated with such symbolic interpretation of na … More ture as foresight, mythical origin of habit and morphology.4. Previous reports on phonological and grammatical structures and lexicon in | Gui and || Gana were elaborated, and a linguistically adequate orthography of | Gui and || Gana which enable us to record vernacular names accurately was proposed.5. By analyzing demographic data of past 30 years, population dynamics of the San were elucidated.6. By comparative analysis of ritual systems of the San and the Kgalagadi, it was clarified that the factors concerning witchcraft and sorcery were hardly accompanied when San ritual ceremonies were influenced by the Kgalagadi.7. Language and motor development and socialization of San children were elucidated in relation to the "modernization" problems, such as the decline of hunting-gathering, deterioration of egalitarianism and introduction of school education etc.8. In the ecotone surrounding the Kalahari Desert, the importance of the mopane tree of family Caesalpiniaceae was stressed not only as material culture, but also as one playing a symbolic role in religious rituals. Furthermore, it was clarified that the conflicts among ethnic groups for land right might often occur in relation to the problem of ethnic identity and even affect profoundly a political issue in state level such as general election.9. The historical event of San migration initiated by the Botswana government occurred in 1997. Analysis and elucidation of the problems accompanied by this migration were striven and completed partly, leaving a number of subjects as future problem. Less

1。通过分析SAN的生活历史，定居点后的生计过渡，即耕种合同工作和牲畜的信任以及与|之间的联系历史有关的材料的收集。 gui- ||阐明了圣猎人 - 采集者和班图农业养护者之间的Gana和相邻语言，互动和象征意义的动态。2。通过收集和分析圣老年男性的生活历史，过去的细节，例如狩猎活动，婚姻外性关系，男性启动仪式，从班图农业 - 帕斯托尔语中进口的巫术和巫术的想法，是重建和阐明的。3。研究了将昆虫作为食物和物质培养的利用，并指出了昆虫的质量重要性，尤其是指出了SAN饮食中的食物。此外，阐明了动物形象和行为的微小认知与对na的象征性解释紧密相关，例如森林，神话般的习惯和形态的起源。4。先前关于生理和语法结构和词典的报告| GUI和|| GANA被详细阐述，并且在语言上适当的拼字法| GUI和||提出了使我们能够准确记录白话名称的GANA。5。通过分析过去30年的人口统计数据，阐明了SAN的人口动态。6。通过对SAN和KGALAGADI的仪式系统的比较分析，可以澄清说，当San Ritual仪式受Kgalagadi的影响时，涉及巫术和巫术的因素几乎不参与其中。7。语言和运动发展以及SAN儿童的社会化与“现代化”问题有关，例如狩猎收集的衰落，确定平等主义和学校教育等的引入等。8。在卡拉哈里沙漠周围的ecotone中，凯撒皮亚科的莫帕尼树的重要性不仅是物质文化，而且是一个在宗教仪式中扮演象征性的角色。此外，澄清说，土地权的族裔群体之间的冲突通常可能与种族认同问题有关，甚至会影响大选等州一级的政治问题9。博茨瓦纳政府发起的SAN移民的历史事件发生在1997年。分析和阐明伴随该迁移的问题的分析和部分完成，并部分完成，将许多主题作为未来的问题。较少的