Floating Charge in Japan-A Theoretical and Practical Study

日本浮动抵押——理论与实践研究

基本信息

批准号：
06620031
负责人：
CHIBA Emiko
金额：
$ 0.32万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06620031/
关键词：
Floating Charge Transfer for security Accounts receivable financing Security interest in personal property Secured transaction Floating lien Inventory financing Entity theory 集合債権

项目摘要

It is said that one can't have a personal property of "an aggregate of things (Sachinbegriff)", but one can own only each things, which consist of an aggregate. It is pointed out that the concept of "an aggregate of things" is against (section) 85 Japanese Civil Code that only corporeal objects are things. However, in practice, we make good use of an inventory financing (ex.merchandiseor stock in trade). After 1979 the Japanese Supreme Court judged an inventory in the aggregateto be a security for a loan (so-called floating lien).Numerous attempts have been made by schoiars to consistently explain two effects of inventory financing. The first one is that the transferee for security of "an aggregate of things" can set up his own right against others even before the enforcement on of his security interest ; the other is that he can't set up against the person whom the debtor=owner assigned each movable properties, which are component parts of "an aggregate of things". This problem is sti … More ll in controversial.We obtained the following results from our project. in order to explain the former effect, we must admit the concept of "an aggregate of things"(socalled "entity theory"). Opinions are divided among scholars on this concept. The concept of "an aggregate of things" is, however, necessary (1) to explain the agreement about after-aquired property (cf.UCC (section) 101 (37)), and (2) to understand that after-aquired properties have been already perfected at the time when the debtor=owner furnished security on an inventory, inspite that each movable properties didn't first consist of "an aggregate of things". If we accept thisconcept, it is possible to explain the latter effect.We should make it clear what we intended by the statement of this concept. Theterm of "an aggregate of things" can't be defined as one thing (res), but can be defined as "a floating mass" (an object of only security interest), which continues to exist inspite of changes in its component parts. The floating mass is not a corporeal object. Thus, the floating mass is possible to be perfected only when movable properties, which consist of the floating mass, exist closely to each others, and the whole of the floating mass is more greater than all parts. Less

据说，一个人不能拥有“一堆事物（Sachinbegriff）”的个人财产，但是只能拥有由总体组成的每件事。可以指出的是，“事物总和”的概念违反了（第85节）日本民法典，只有有形的对象才是事物。但是，实际上，我们充分利用了库存融资（Ex.Merchandiseor在贸易中）。 1979年之后，日本最高法院认为总体库存是贷款的保证金（所谓的浮动留置权）。Schoiars始终如一地尝试解释库存融资的两种影响。第一个是，即使在执行其安全利益之前，“事物总和”安全的受让人可以对他人建立自己的权利；另一个是他无法与探测器=所有者分配每个可移动属性的人建立，这些属性是“事物的总和”的组成部分。这个问题是STI…在有争议的情况下更加有争议。我们从项目中获得了以下结果。为了解释前者的效果，我们必须承认“事物的总体”（Solled“实体理论”）的概念。关于这个概念的学者之间的意见分为学者。但是，“事物的总和”的概念是必要的（1），以解释有关在水平后的财产（cf.ucc（cection）101（37））的协议，并且（2）要理解，在债务人=债务人=所有者在一个库存中提供安全性时，在债务人=债务人=所有人都没有首先构成的事物的情况下，债务人=债务人=所有者都没有组成的事物，”如果我们接受此概念，可以解释以后的效果。我们应该清楚地表明我们的意图是该概念的陈述。 “事物的总和”的三件事不能定义为一件事（res），但可以定义为“浮动质量”（唯一安全兴趣的对象），尽管其组件部分发生了变化，但它仍然存在。浮质量不是有形的对象。这是，只有当由浮动质量组成的可移动特性与彼此相近时，浮动质量才能是完美的，并且整个浮动质量比所有部分都要大。较少的