Floating Charge in Japan-A Theoretical and Practical Study

日本浮动抵押——理论与实践研究

基本信息

批准号：
06620031
负责人：
CHIBA Emiko
金额：
$ 0.32万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06620031/
关键词：
Floating Charge Transfer for security Accounts receivable financing Security interest in personal property Secured transaction Floating lien Inventory financing Entity theory 集合債権

项目摘要

It is said that one can't have a personal property of "an aggregate of things (Sachinbegriff)", but one can own only each things, which consist of an aggregate. It is pointed out that the concept of "an aggregate of things" is against (section) 85 Japanese Civil Code that only corporeal objects are things. However, in practice, we make good use of an inventory financing (ex.merchandiseor stock in trade). After 1979 the Japanese Supreme Court judged an inventory in the aggregateto be a security for a loan (so-called floating lien).Numerous attempts have been made by schoiars to consistently explain two effects of inventory financing. The first one is that the transferee for security of "an aggregate of things" can set up his own right against others even before the enforcement on of his security interest ; the other is that he can't set up against the person whom the debtor=owner assigned each movable properties, which are component parts of "an aggregate of things". This problem is sti … More ll in controversial.We obtained the following results from our project. in order to explain the former effect, we must admit the concept of "an aggregate of things"(socalled "entity theory"). Opinions are divided among scholars on this concept. The concept of "an aggregate of things" is, however, necessary (1) to explain the agreement about after-aquired property (cf.UCC (section) 101 (37)), and (2) to understand that after-aquired properties have been already perfected at the time when the debtor=owner furnished security on an inventory, inspite that each movable properties didn't first consist of "an aggregate of things". If we accept thisconcept, it is possible to explain the latter effect.We should make it clear what we intended by the statement of this concept. Theterm of "an aggregate of things" can't be defined as one thing (res), but can be defined as "a floating mass" (an object of only security interest), which continues to exist inspite of changes in its component parts. The floating mass is not a corporeal object. Thus, the floating mass is possible to be perfected only when movable properties, which consist of the floating mass, exist closely to each others, and the whole of the floating mass is more greater than all parts. Less

据说，一个人不能拥有“事物的集合体（Sachinbegriff）”的个人财产，但一个人只能拥有由集合体组成的每一个事物，指出了“事物的集合体”的概念。 ” 违反了日本民法典第 85 条规定，只有有形物体才是事物。然而，在实践中，我们很好地利用了库存融资（例如贸易中的商品库存）。1979 年之后，日本最高法院判决库存融资为学者们曾多次尝试一致地解释存货融资的两个效应，第一个是“集合物”担保的受让人可以设立。即使在执行其担保权益之前，他自己也有权对抗他人；另一个是，他不能针对债务人=所有者分配每项动产的人，这些动产是“物的集合体”的组成部分。这个问题是sti ……更多的是有争议的。为了解释前面的效果，我们从我们的项目中得到了以下结果，我们必须承认“事物的集合体”的概念（所谓的“实体论”）。然而，“事物的集合体”的概念对于（1）解释关于事后获得的财产的协议（参见UCC（第）101（37）条）是必要的，并且（2）理解事后-所需的属性已尽管每项动产最初并不是由“事物的集合体”组成，但在债务人=所有者为存货提供担保时，这一概念就已经完善了。如果我们接受这个概念，就可以解释后一种效果。通过这个概念的陈述来明确我们的意图。“事物的集合体”一词不能被定义为一个事物（res），而是可以被定义为“一个浮动的物体”（一个仅具有安全性的物体）。利息），继续存在因此，只有当由浮动体组成的可移动属性彼此紧密存在并且整个浮动体存在时，浮动体才可能是完美的。浮动质量大于所有部件。