A Study on Development of Fire Safety Design based on the Escape Behavior of the Disabled in the Lower-extrmities

基于下肢残疾人逃生行为的消防安全设计发展研究

• 批准号: 06452304
• 负责人: YOSHIMURA Hidemasa
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06452304/
• 关键词: Fire; Physically handicapped; Escape behavior; Questionnaire; Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake Disaster; Movability; Escape facilities; Uneasiness; 意識の変化; 避難安全性; 車いす; ADA法

Questionnaire survey was made for the disabled in the lower-extremities living in Hanshin region inquiring the movability and uneasiness about the visit to buildings, their escape behavior, the place and kind of equipments which they think will assist them to escape from buildings in case of fire. Just after the survey, the Kobe Earthquake hit the Hanshin region. To compare the escape behavior before and after the Kobe Earthquake, similar questionnaire survey was again made for them, most of whom must have suffered from the earthquake. The findings from the study are as follows.1.The mobility and the consciousness of the disabled in the lower-extremities for escapeThe disabled in the lower-extremities feel uneasy about certain kinds of buildings and about the visit to the third floor and over or the first basement. The degree of their uneasiness varies according to the assistant implements they use. In particular, those who use wheelchairs have more uneasiness than those less disabled.2.The behavior in case of fire and the consciousness for escapeThey take passive escape action, and they consider balcony, outdoor slope, elevator for escape, slide, and area of rescue assistance helpful to their escape. The answers differ according to the assistant implements they use. In particular, those on wheelchairs feel more uneasy in escape.3.Change in the Consciousness of Escape Behavior after Kobe EarthquakeWhat they need in emergency escape are help by attendance, slope and elevator for escape use. Many of them try to take unassisted escape action, though they feel uneasy about the escape for the ground floor, and that they appreciate the effectiveness of balcony, elevator for escape, and area of rescue assistance.In conclusion, public facilities should be carefully and finely designed for the physically handicapped in terms of their safety in case of fire and earthquake as well as their daily convenience.

问卷调查是针对居住在汉辛地区的低级阶层中的残疾人进行的调查，询问了对建筑物的访问，逃生行为，他们认为将有助于他们在火灾时逃离建筑物的地点和设备的不安。在调查之后，科比地震袭击了汉辛地区。为了比较科比地震之前和之后的逃生行为，再次为他们进行了类似的问卷调查，其中大多数人一定遭受了地震的困扰。该研究的发现如下。1。在较低的逃生性中，残疾人的流动性和意识对某些建筑物以及对三楼及以下地下室的访问感到不安。他们的不安程度根据他们使用的助手的实施而有所不同。特别是，那些使用轮椅的人比那些残障人士更加不安。2。发生火灾的行为和Escapethey的意识采取被动的逃脱行动，他们考虑阳台，室外坡度，逃生的电梯，滑梯，救援地区和救援援助区域对他们的逃生有用。答案根据他们使用的助手的实施而有所不同。特别是，轮椅上的人在逃生中感到更加不安。3。在科比地震中，他们在紧急逃生中需要的逃脱行为的意识改变了出勤，坡度和电梯以供逃生使用。他们中的许多人试图采取无助的逃生行动，尽管他们对逃生的逃生感到不安，并且他们欣赏阳台，逃生电梯和救援协助领域的有效性。总之，应精心设计公共设施，以在火灾和地震及其每日便利性的情况下，为他们的安全性而在物理上进行精心设计。

项目成果

Hidemasa Yoshimura: "Change of the disabled in the lower-extremities' consciousness of escape behavior after Kobe Earthquake through questionnaire survey" Journal of Architecture, planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ Kinki Branch).

吉村英政：“通过问卷调查了解神户地震后下肢残疾人逃生行为意识的变化”《建筑、规划和环境工程学报》（AIJ近畿分部汇刊）。

田中直人: "身近なユニバーサルデザインへの取り組み 公共施設" 建築と社会. 880. 51-53 (1995)

Naoto Tanaka：“努力实现熟悉的通用设计公共设施”《建筑与社会》880. 51-53 (1995)。

城幸弘: "車椅子を対象とした段差寸法の限界値に関する実験的研究" 日本建築学会 近畿支部研究報告集 計画系. 34. 529-532 (1994)

Yukihiro Jo：“轮椅台阶尺寸极限值的实验研究”日本建筑学会近畿分会研究报告规划系统34. 529-532（1994）。

平井則行: "アンケート調査による下肢障害者の日常行動能力と避難行動能力の関係" 日本建築学会近畿支部研究報告集計画系. 35. 393-396 (1995)

平井典之：“基于问卷调查的下肢残疾者日常活动能力与疏散行为能力的关系”日本建筑学会近畿分会研究报告收集规划系统35。393-396（1995）。

吉村英祐: "下肢障害者の移動能力と建物避難に対する意識-下肢障害者の避難行動特性に基づく建築の安全化に関する研究その1-" 日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集E. 777-778 (1995)

吉村荣介：《下肢残疾人的移动能力和建筑疏散意识——基于下肢残疾人疏散行为特征的建筑安全研究第1部分-》日本建筑学会会议学术讲座摘要E.777-778 (1995)