Ethnoarchaeological Study on Iron and Salt in Thailand

泰国铁和盐的民族考古学研究

• 批准号: 06041088
• 负责人: NITTA Eiji
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06041088/
• 关键词: Salt-meking; Iron-smelting; Environmental change; Deforestation; Social change; Ethnoarchaeology; 塩; 自然破壊; 製塩遺跡; 社会再編

Nitta made field researches of traditional iron-smelting and salt-making activities in Thailand during two fiscal years of 1994 and 1995. Ethnoarchaeological studies on them are very useful for prehistoric archaeological and sociological studies.There are three methods of salt-making in Thailand. Solt-field method and salty-water-well method are traditional ones. Salt-field method is carried in many provinces in northeast Thailand. Salt-field method is divided into two groups, pit-trough method and trunk-trough method. Ban Don Reng is one of the villages which runs pit-trough method. This method is as same as that of the archaeological salt-making site at Non Tung Pie Pong, Nakorn Ratchasima province excavated by Nitta. Many of traditional salt-making activities are suffering from the shortage of fuel wood caused by the deforestation and the shortage of young laborers. The traditional salt-making activities which have been carried for 1700 years or more are disappearing by the environmental and social change.Traditional iron-smelting is preserved at Ban Nam Phee, Uttaradit Province. Only one old man preserves the traditional iron-smelting and sword-making technologies. As well as the salt-making, the iron-smelting is also suffering from the shortage of iron material. The government prohibits to collect iron ore near the village, and sand iron disappeared. Iron slag collected at the old iron-smelting sites near the village is the only material to smelt iron. It is also very difficult to collect wood to bake charcoal caused by the deforestation. The iron-smelting furnace and the method to smelt iron are simpler than expected. The furnaces excavated at Ban Dong Plong in Buriram Province in 1990 resembles to that of Ban Nam Phee. The iron produced here is used to make a traditional sword of Ayuttaya style.Two traditional technologies, iron-smelting and salt-making, are now disappearing by the environmental and modern economic and social change in Thailand. (300 words)

Nitta在1994年和1995年两个财政年度对泰国传统的炼铁和制盐活动进行了实地研究。对其进行民族考古学研究对于史前考古和社会学研究非常有用。泰国的制盐方法有三种。传统的方法有溶盐场法和咸水井法。泰国东北部许多省份都采用盐田法。盐场法分为坑槽法和干槽法两大类。 Ban Don Reng 是采用坑槽法的村庄之一。这种方法与Nitta发掘的呵叻府Non Tung Pie Pong考古盐场的方法相同。许多传统的制盐活动都受到森林砍伐和年轻劳动力短缺造成的薪材短缺的困扰。由于环境和社会的变化，已有1700多年历史的传统制盐活动正在消失。程逸府Ban Nam Phee保留着传统的炼铁工艺。只有一位老人保留着传统的炼铁造剑技术。与制盐一样，炼铁也面临着铁原料短缺的问题。政府禁止在村子附近采集铁矿石，沙铁就消失了。村子附近的旧炼铁场收集的铁渣是炼铁的唯一材料。由于森林砍伐，收集木材来烧炭也非常困难。炼铁炉和炼铁的方法比想象的要简单。 1990 年在武里南府 Ban Dong Plong 挖掘的熔炉与 Ban Nam Phee 的熔炉相似。这里生产的铁被用来制造大城风格的传统剑。炼铁和制盐这两种传统技术现在正在泰国因环境和现代经济社会变化而消失。 （300字）

项目成果

Thanet Aphornsuvan ed.: Thammasat University Press. Thailand and her Neighbors (II), 231 (1995)

Thanet Aphornsuvan 编：法政大学出版社。

新田栄治: "東北タイ製塩の環境と変化" 鹿児島大学史学科報告. 42(予定). (1995)

Eiji Nitta：“泰国东北地区盐生产的环境和变化”鹿儿岛大学历史系报告42（计划）。

新田栄治: "製塩の民族誌" 東南アジア考古学. 15(予定). (1995)

新田英二：“盐生产的民族志”东南亚考古学15（计划）（1995）。

Nitta, Eiji: Dept.Archaeology, College of Liberal Arts, Kagoshima University. Ethnoarchaeological Study on the Traditional Iron-smelting and Salt-making Activities in Thailand., 44 (1996)

新田英二：鹿儿岛大学文学院考古学系。

Thanet Aphornsuvan ed.: "Thailand and her Neighbors (II)" Thammasat University Press, 231 (1995)

Thanet Aphornsuvan 编辑：“泰国和她的邻居 (II)” 法政大学出版社，231 (1995)